650 Mr. R A Y ,^s travels Book Ik 
with any of EttropL The chief Employment of the 
Inhabitants here is the making of Malt. June the 
30th, we went hence towards Cologne^ and pafTing thro* 
Berchem^ a little walled Town, met by the Highways^ 
among the Woods and Hedges, with Mezereon Germa^ 
nicum^ Mollugo montana latifolia ramofa, Pulmonaria ma-^ 
culofa, Gakoffis five Vrtlca iners jiore purpurafcenie majore>, 
folio non maculato^ and among the Corn, with Vaccaria 
Germ. ' 
Cologne., dignified with the Title of an Archbifhop- 
rick, is a free Imperial City, and perhaps the biggeft 
in all Germany., in which however are included three 
hundred Acres, planted with Vines, befides many other 
empty Spaces. The middle Part of the City is very 
Well built, having two handfome Market-places: The 
Walls are lofty and of Stone, with two deep Trenches 
and feverai Out- works. In the Cathedral of St. Peter 
are preferved the Bodies of the three Wife Men, that 
came to bring their Offerings to our Saviour, enclofed 
in a Gheft of Gold. The Number of the Nolale Ca- 
nons belonging to this Church, confifts of fifty four, 
befides eight Canons Presbyters 5 thefe fixty two, in 
Conjunflion with the Dean (who has two Voices) and 
two Burgomafters Regent (who have four Voices) of 
this City, chafe the Archbifhop. The Government of 
the City is in the Hands of fix Burgomafters, feven 
Efchevins, and one hundred and fifty Councellors ; they 
all continue during Life ; but of the firft two are only 
Regents at a Time for a Year : The Efchevins are cho- 
fen by the Archbifhop, as the Counfellors are by the 
Companies of the City, and fifty only are in Power 
yearly, fo that it returns to the fame Perfons every 
third Year. If a Burgomafter dies, the Counfellors 
have Power to chufe another in his Room. The Inha- 
bitants are generally Roman Catholicks., yet have the Lu- 
therans a Church within the Walls, but the Calvinijls 
are obliged to go to Church on the other Side of the 
Rhine. At Cologne we took a Boat, drawn by Men, 
which carried us up the Rhine to Vidich^ an inconfider- 
able Village ; hereabouts we found among the Corn, 
Delphinium flore purpuro-caruleo vulgar e, and Nigella 
arvenfiis ; and in the barren Grounds adjoining to the 
River, S leech as citrina Germanic a latiore folio. 
16. Next Morning we pafs’d by Bonn upon the fame 
River, the ordinary Refidence of the Eleftors of Cologne^ 
and lodged at Night' at a poor Town called Brifaca. 
Jidy the 6th, we paffed by Rhineck to our Right, and 
came to Andernach^ over-againft which is the Caftle of 
Hammerftein., belonging to the Eleeftor of Trwrj. Fur- 
ther we pafs’d betwixt two Caftles belonging to the 
Count de Weets, that on the right Hand being feated 
upon a high Rock, with aCloifter adjoining to it. Two 
Leagues from Andernach we paffed by Engers^ and the 
'fame Night came to Coblentz. 
This City, which is the moft confiderable belonging 
to the Archbifhop of 'Treves., is called in Latin, Con- 
fluentes, from its Situation at the Conflux of the Rivers 
the Mofelle and the Rhine •, over the firft of which there 
is a Bridge here of thirteen Arches, as there is over 
the Rhine a Bridge of Boats to the ftrong Caftle of Her- 
manfiein, fituate upon a Rock, with a very fumptuous 
Palace below it, belonging to the fame Archbifhop. 
Not far from Coblentz are the mineral Springs, near Hel- 
fenjiein Caftle, of which Kind there are feverai in thofe 
Parts j as for Inftance, one at Anthony''?, Stone, four 
Hours from Andernach, and another at Zwolbach, four 
Miles from Franefort \ they are generally drank mix’d 
with Wine, unto which they give a pleafant Tafte and 
purging Quality, but I did not obferve in them what 
Dr. Blondel affirms, that they fmoak, or are hot when 
they are mixed with Wine. 
July the 7th, we paffed by feverai Caftles and fmall 
Places upon the Rhine, as the Town and Caftle of 
Rodejheim on the Left, and Capelle on the Right Hand ; 
next the fmall Town of Rens and Browbach, Boppart on 
the fame Side^ and the Caftle of Bornholm on the Left. 
Taking up our Quarters in the Village of Hertfnach, 
we came, July the 8th,. in the Morning, to Sc. Goer, a 
pretty fmall Town, under the Jurifdidlion of the Land- 
grave of Hejfe, who has a very handfome Caftle herCj 
built upon a Rock. The Magiftrates and moft of the 
Inhabi tants are Calvinijls, yet the Lutherans, as well as 
the Catholicks, have each their Church. Juft oppofite 
to St. Goer you fee the Town and Caftle of Wellnkh, 
and further to the Right, the Town and Caftle of We^- 
fel) under the Jurifdidlion of the EXtSkor oiTreves ; and 
higher up on the Left Hand, the Town and Caftle of 
Cub, the latter upon a Rock belonging to the Eledlor 
Palatine. The next Place of any Note we came to 
was Bacharach, a walled Town, adorned with many 
Towers, famous for the Excellence of its Wine, as is 
likewife a certain Trad of Ground about Rhingaw, a 
Town near Mayence. Our Boatmen paid Toll in this, as 
well as feverai other Places on the Rhine. We pafs’d the 
fame Day in Sight of fome mean Towns and Villages, 
and July the 9th, by Afpithoufe Caftle, and immediately 
after by the Moufe-Tower, built in a little Ifland of the 
Rhine. Further up the River on the Right Hand we 
left Bing, a tolerable good Town, and paffing by 
Rhodes, Gifon, Elveldt, and Wallop, to the Left Hand, 
arrived the fame Night at Mayence or Mentz. 
From Cologne, as far as to the Village Vidich, the 
River is very broad, but thence up to the Moufe-Tower 
much narrower, from the many Hills and Rocks on 
both Sides, fome of which are cover’d with Woods 
others with Vines and Orchards. The Vines are ty’d 
to Poles much lower than thofe we ufe in our Hop- 
gardens, _ The City of Mayence (or as we now call it 
Mentz) is very large and well fortified ; but the Houfes 
are very old, the Streets narrow and ill paved : The 
Cathedral of St. Martin‘s has twenty four Canons, all 
Noble, who chufe the Archbifhop. The Arms of this 
Archbifhoprick is a Wheel, which they derive from 
Willigefus, a Saxon, their firft Archbifhop, who being 
a Wheelrighd? Son, gave this Wheel for his Arms. Near 
this Place, the River Maine its Current with the 
Rhine, we went up the firft of thefe two Rivers in a 
Boat, and paffing by Rudjheim, a well-built Fort on 
the Right-hand, belonging to the Landgrave of Hejfe 
Darmjiadt, and another walled Town called Hocji, to 
the Left, arrived the 13th of July at Franefort, five 
Leagues diftant from Mayence or Mentz. 
I'his City is very rich and populous, and not ill- 
built, though moft of the Houfes are of Timber : Its 
Fortifications, which confift in divers ftrong Baftions 
and a deep Ditch, are very confiderable and well kept : 
The River Maine dividing the City into two Parts, that 
which lies oppofite to Franefort is called Saxonhaufen^ 
which are joined by a very noble Stone Bridge, fuf- 
tain’d by fourteen Arches. In the great Market- 
place are three noble Fountains. The Emperors are 
in our Days chofen here in the Senate-houfe, and 
crown’d in the Church of St. Bartholomew. 
I had the good Fortune to get Sight of the Aurea, 
Bulla or Golden Bull, of the Emperor Charles IV. which 
inftead of a Seal had a large golden Medal hanging on 
it, with the Effigies of Charles IV. on one Side, with 
this Infeription, Carolus quartus, divind favente dementia, 
Romanorum Imperator femp. Aug. on the Reverfe the 
City of Rome, and underneath, Aurea Roma, and round 
it this Verfe, Roma caput mundi regit orbis frana rotun~ 
di. The Government of this City is in the Hands of 
a Prator, twelve Burgomaders, fourteen Efchevins, and 
forty two Councellors. The whole Senate is divided 
into three Scamna or Benches, Firft, Sahinorum, Se- 
condly, Literatorum, and Thirdly, Opificum : When 
a Place happens to be vacant in the Bench of the Ef- 
chevins, it is fupplied out of the lecond Bench of the 
Literatorum ; but the Scamnum Opificum rifes no higher. 
The Senate has the Power of choofing yearly two Bur- 
gomajters out of their own Number. The Jews, of 
whom there are great Numbers here, have their pecu- 
liar Quarters affigned them, from whence they dare not 
ftir in the Night-time ; they wear a Piece of yellow 
Cloth to diftinguiffi them from other People. The 
Magiftracy and moft of the Inhabitants are Lutherans, 
unto whom belong five Churches. Yet have the Ro~ 
mans the free Exercife of their Religion here, and are 
poffefs’d of two Convents for Men and one for Wo- 
men 5 
