Mr. R A Y^j* Travels Book II 
Augtifi l y. Taking Poft-Iiorfes Conjlance, in order 
to pur Journey to Munich ; we changed our Horfes at 
Lindaw^ an Imperial City, two Leagues thence ; 
at Laykirk^ -^nothtr Imperial Gity, two Leagues fur- 
ther ; at Memmingen^ both for Strength and Bignefs, 
0n6 of the chief of the Circle of Suabia, and dignified 
with the Title of a free Imperial City, and at Mindle- 
jheim^ where we lodged that Night. From hence we 
traveli’d to Landsberg^ four Leagues further, a very fair 
Town, with a handfome Fountain in the Market-place j 
after which, without meeting with any confiderable 
Town, we pafski by the Lake of Ammerfee^ in Sight of 
the Alps, to Munchen or Munich. 
23. This being a flrong and well fortified City, and 
the ordinary Refidence of the EleTors of Bavaria, no 
Strangers are permitted to enter the Gates yfithout the 
Confent of the Governor : Cluverius is not in the wrong, 
when he calls this City the fairefi; of all Germany, the 
Splendor and Beauty of its Buildings, both publick and 
private, efpecially of the EleToral Palace (which may 
compare with znj \n Europe) and of feveral magnificent 
Churches and Convents, being* fuch as furpalTes any 
Thing in Germany for its Bignefs, its Streets being the 
broadeft and molt regular I have met with. Among 
other Varieties, you fee in the Eledoral Gardens a vail 
ox Aloe- trees (^ov fiich they maybe called by 
reafon of the Bignefs of their Stalks, which fhoot up 
in one Year) the like perhaps all Europe can’t produce 
in Number both for their Stalks and Flower. Here alfo 
we met with a Convent of Englijh Nuns, and found in 
their Churches Pews at)d Seats, as is cuflomary in E7jg- 
land, whereas otherwife, the Romaniffs make ufe only 
in their Sermons of moveable Chairs and Benches, and 
clear the Churches fo foon as Sermon is over. 
We took a Turn from hence to Augshourg, and paf- 
fing by the Abby of Bernardines called Pruck, and the 
little Town of Fridhergh, arrived there the 21ft of 
Augiiji. 
This is a ftately and flrong City, feated upon the Ri- 
ver Lech, being about eight Englijh Miles in Compafs : 
Its Houfes are well built, its Streets fair, and beautified 
with many Fountains. Its Arfenal confills of twelve 
Rooms, not inferior to. that of Strasburgh, as its Town- 
houfe may challenge the fecond Rank next to that of 
Amjlerdam \ the upper Room efpecially being very re- 
markable for its Loftinefs, Gilding, and Paintings, in 
which it exceeds any 1 have yet feen. The Inhabitants 
are partly Romanics, partly Lutherans, but the iaft are 
double the Number of the firft, though thefe are in 
Poffeffion of feven Convents’ here, among v/hich there 
is one Englijh : Some Calvinijls there are here, but 
few. It is a free Imperial City, under the Jurifdidion 
of its own Magiflrates j yet feems fomewhat decayed of 
late Years, the Number of its Inhabitants being fcarce 
proportionable to its Bignefs ; in the Plains near Augs- 
biirgb, leading to Munchen, we faw many rare Plants. 
Auguji 28. We left Augsburgh, and travelling three 
Days out of our Way, in order to take a View of the 
famous City of Nurenbergh, wq crofs’d the Danube the 
firft Day, about fix Leagues from Augsburgh, at a Place 
called Donawert, belonging to the Elector of Bavaria, 
where there is a wooden Bridge over that River. The 
2pth, we paffed through Ivhnheim and Papenheim, two 
pretty wall’d Towns, and having made five German 
Leagues that Day, lodged at Weij[enhergh, _ an Imperial 
City, inhabited by Lutherans \ near which is alfo a 
llrong Fort upon a Hill, belonging to the Marquefs of 
Anfpacb, a Lutheran Prince. 
24. The 30th, We paiTed through a finall Town 
called Pleinfeldt, and after a Journey of three Leagues 
further, clofe by another little walled Town called Rotte, 
and fo, after two Hours Riding more, arrived at Nu- 
renbergh, which we were no fooner in Sight of, but we 
highly applauded the Epithet Cluverius beftowed upon 
it, when he ftiles it Germanicarum fuperhijfimam; it being 
beyond Quefiion, that for its Buildings, which are very 
ilately, it exceeds all, and for its Bignefs may compare 
with any in Germany % and were its Houfes, which are 
of P'ree-tlone, as uniform as the Buildings in the Low- 
Countries, would eve.n out-vie them for Beauty , be- 
fides, that under its Dominion, are at ieaft an hundred 
It is true, the Ground where it 
IS fituated is very barren, and the River upon which 
it ftands but very fmall, and not navigable ; notwith- 
Handing which, by the Induftry of the Inhabitants, 
who are generally very excellent in all Sorts of Handi- 
craft Works, this City is very rich and populous. 
They are generally Lutherans, and their Churches more 
adorned and beautified after the Fafiiion of the Roma- 
mfis, than ever we faw in any other Place where this 
Religion is profefs’d. The Roman Cd'tholicks have one 
Church allowed them, but the Reformed none. Their 
gmac Market-place, and the Town-houfe, are worth a 
1 raveller’s Obfervation ; it is fortified with a good Wall 
and Ditches ; Their Senate and their whole Government 
IS laid to approach very near that of the Venetians, beinp 
for the reft a free Imperial City. 
September 3. V/ e fet out from Nurenbergh towards 
Ratisbon, and came to AUorff, a Town and Univerfity 
under the Jurifdidion of Nurenbergh. It has a very good 
Phyfic-Garden, the Catalogue of the Plants therein, as 
well as another of what Plants grow wild hereabouts, 
the World ftands indebted for to Dr. Maurice Hoffl 
man. Over the Cloifter of the College, in which are 
maintained thirty fix Students, at the Charge of the City 
of Nurenbergh, you fee an Infeription in Latin, giving 
a fhorc Account of the Foundation of this Univerfity 
and College, viz. That the faid College was founded 
by the Senate of Nurenbergh \o 1575, under the Reign 
ot the Emperor Maximilian l\. ^ that in 1578, under 
tne Reign of Rodolph II. a Gymnajium was eftablifiied 
here, which in 1633, under the Reign of the Emperor 
Ferdinand II. was dignified with the Tide and Privi- 
leges of an Univerfity. 
Dr. Hoffman fhewed us feveral Cornua Ammonis, or 
Serpent-ftones, befides many Cockle and Mufiel-fiiells 
found near AltorffS, of which we alfo faw fome the next 
Day in our Way to Nieu-markt ; upon which Occafion 
1 can’t forbear to give, by way of Digreffion, a brief 
Account, (i.) In what Places they are found. (2.) The 
different Opinions concerning them. In England, thofe 
petrified Shells are found at Whitby or Whitebay, in the 
North-riding of TorkJIoire -, at Huntley-Nah, more North- 
ward on the fame Coaft ; at Alderley in Ghucefferjhire ; 
at Cainjhatn in Somerfetjhire, not far from Alderley ; an 
Farnham in Surry ; 2.t Richmond in Torkjhire ; and in feve- 
ral other Places ; as for Inftance, at Lyme in Dorfet^ 
Jhire, Adderbury in Oxfordjhire, at Brickworth in Nor- 
thamptonjhire, about Daventry, Verulam in Hertfordfhire, 
Shuckborough in Warwickjhire, nay, even the Peak of 
Derbyjhire. Befides thefe petrified Shells, other conge- 
nerous Bodies are found in feveral Parts of England, 
viz. i. Tht Star-Jiones, called hy {omt Ajtroites, Lapis Jiel- 
laris, and Stella judaica. 2. St. Cuthherf^ Beads, or 
Lrochites, and, 3. The Capftone,ox Lebinites, Cd\R 6 .Lapides 
BrontU by fome, and confidering that Sharks are often 
taken upon our Coaft, it is a Wonder that no Glojffopetr^ 
fliOLild be found in England. As for the Star-ffones (fo 
called from their five Angles refembling fo many Rays-) 
they are found 2it Shuckborough in Warwickjhire, at Caf- 
fmgton near Gloucejter, and Belvoir Caftle in Lincolnjhire, 
The Trochites are to be met with on the Weftern Shore 
of the Holy IJland, and in the Chinks of fome Stones 
found in the Bottom of the Channel of the River Pees, 
the common Boundary between Torkffoire and the Bifhop- 
rick of Durham *, thefe are of a rotund Figure, and not 
angular like the former. The Echinites or Brontia, are 
found in divers Places of England, of feveral Magnitudes 
and Shape ; and beyond-fea, at Brefcia in Lombardy, 
upon the Banks of the River Panaro in Piedmont, four 
Miles below Afte, but efpecially in the Ifle of Maltha, 
where are alfo many Gloff'opetra, refembling Sharks-teeth, 
petrified. 
As for thefe laft, Boetius fays, they are found ’ near 
Deventer, in the Province of Overyffel j and in Germa- 
ny, in the Alum-mines near Lamenhurgh Gropius Becanus 
tells us, that they were digged up in the Ditches of 
Antwerp, and are found in great Numbers on a Hill 
near Aix la Chapelle in Germany, which he ufes as an 
Argument, that they can’t be real Sharks Teeth petri- 
