666 Mr. Ray 
further Security have Corftca engaged to them. This 
Company chufe yearly out of their own Number eight 
iProte6tors, who are to take Care of, and manage the 
Affairs of all the Creditors. Into this Bank Strangers 
ufually put in IVIoney, and fo become of the Company, 
for which they receive yearly Intereft proportionable to 
the Improvement madeof the whole Stock of Monies then 
in Bank. The publick Revenue of this State is faid by 
fome to be 1,200,000 Qxowns per Annum, and yet fcarce 
fufhcient to defray the publick Expences. There are 
many private Perfons here very rich. The Republick 
is thought to be able to raife an Army of 30,000 Men, 
and to fet out to Sea twelve Gallies and twenty Ships of 
War. They hold good Correfpondence with all Chri- 
ftian Princes and States, excepting the Duke of Savoy, 
by reafon of his Pretence to the City of Savona. 
17. April 7., We palled in a Boat from Genoa to 
Porto Venere, and thence crofs’d the .Bay of Spezzia to 
Lerki, where taking Poft-horfes, we rode to Sarzana, 
a ftrong Frontier Town belonging to the Genoefe, and 
lodged that Night at Maj[a, a fmall City, but digni- 
fied with the Title of a Principality, the Duke being 
likewife Lord of Carrara. His chief Revenues come 
from the Marble Quarries : He is of the Genoefe Fami- 
ly of the Cybo’s. 
April 3, We travelled through a boggy Valley near 
the Foot of the Mountains, a kind of a defolate Coun- 
try, as far as Lucca. 
Lucca contains not above three Miles in Circuit, but 
very populous for its Bignefs, the Eafe of the Govern- 
ment drawing thither abundance of People. Its Situa- 
tion is very pleafant, in a delightful Valley ; and its 
Fortifications and Out-works ftrong, and kept in good 
Repair. The Buildings are fair, and their Churches, 
though not very large, yet neat and well kept. The 
Inhabitants, both of the City and Country, very cour- 
teous, and fo careful to preferve their Liberty, that 
they omit nothing which they think may contribute to 
maintain it. Their Women here are not kept fo ftricft 
as in other Parts of Italy, being allowed to walk abroad 
with a reafonable Share of Freedom : They are gene- 
rally handfome enough, and in their Drefs affecf to 
follow the French. The Adminiftration of the Govern- 
ment is by the Great Council of one hundred and fixty, 
chofen every Year from among the Nobility, (the 
reft having no Share therein) thefe muft be twenty 
five Years old at leaft ; nine Antiani, and a Gonfaloniere ; 
thefe laft are chofen a-new every two Months, and are 
ftiled the Signioria, the Gonfaloniere being their Head, 
but no more than by his Title. The City is divided 
into three Wards, called Ferzieri, each of which has 
its Arms or Banner, called Gonfalone, whence the Name 
Gonfaloniere : On the Corners of each Street thefe Arms 
are painted, with the Name of the Ward it belongs 
to, and what Bulwark they are to defend, in cafe of a 
fudden Attack. The Council chufes three Antiani out 
of each of thofe Wards. Their Revenue is computed 
at 100,000 Crowns yearly. The beft Olives in Italy, 
grow hereabouts. 
The City of Pifa, formerly a rich and popolous Com- 
monwealth, is, fince its coming under the Florentine Yoak, 
become poor and almoft defolate, notwithftandingall the 
Endeavours of the Great Dukes of Florence, who have 
eredfed an Univerfity, founded an Order of Knight- 
hood, and built an Exchange there, for the Encourage- 
ment of the Inhabitants. Its Situation, which is in a 
fenny Ground, upon the River Arno, renders its Air 
very unwholfome and obnoxious to Strangers. What we 
thought worth our peculiar Obfervation here, were, i . 
St. Stephen"?, Church, dedicated to the Order of that 
Name, founded here by Cofmo, the firft Great Duke of 
Fufcany. 2. The College for Students in Law and 
Philofophy (formerly the Houfe of Bartolus) founded 
by the Great Duke Ferdinand in 1596. 3 - Cathe- 
dral, being a moft magnificent Struifture of Marble, the 
Doors of Brafs, curioufiy engraven, a double Ifle on 
each Side of the Nave, and two Rows of Marble Pil- 
lars, beautified with ftately Altars, and felecl Pieces of 
Painting, the Sides hung with red Velvet, and the Roof 
richly gilded. 
s Fravels Book II. 
On each Side of the high Altar, you fee a Picdure, 
and under each of them an Infcription, giving a fhort 
Account of two notable Adventures of this City, which 
are exprefied there. 
I. Femplum hoc, ut auEi'a potentia ac religionh inftgne mo- 
numentum poUeris extaret, Pifanis ex Saracenorum fpo- 
liis captd Panormo adificatum, ac Sandlorum reliquiis e 
PaUJiina ufque adveliis audium, Gelafius II. P. M. 
folenne pompa confecravit, An. Dom. M.C.XIX. 
II. Pafcale II. P. M. autore, Pifani claffe 300 triremium 
Petro Arch, Pif Duce Baleares Infulas, profligatis Sa^ 
racenis in ditionem redigunt, Chrijiianbque nomini adjun- 
gunt captaque regia Conjuge ac filio praclaram vidloriam 
illufiri pioque triumpho exornarunt A. D. 1115. 
4. The Baptifterium, in the Center of which you fee 
a very noble Font of Marble, into which, like a Cif- 
tern, the Water runs continually ; the Pulpit is alfo of 
Marble, with moft curious carved Work. 5. The 
Campo Santo, or Burying-place, being an oblong Square 
enclofed with a broad Portico, well painted, and paved 
with Grave-ftones : The Earth which makes up this 
Churchyard, is faid to be brought from the Holy Land, 
and to confume Bodies in forty eight Hours. 6. The 
Steeple, a round Tower, of a great Height, feeming 
to encline fo much to one Side, as if it were ready to 
fall, which fome attribute to the Contrivance of the 
Builder, others to a Defeft in the Building. 7, The 
Aquadudl, which conveys the Water from the Moun- 
tains for five Miles into the City, by 5000 Arches, 
being begun by Cofmo and finiftied by Ferdinand 1 . great 
Dukes of Florence: This Water for its Goodnefs, is 
carried in Flafks to Leghorn. 8. The Phyfick-Garden, 
then but flenderly provided with Plants. 
We took Boat here for Leghorn (the Portus Lihurnus 
of the AncientsJ about twelve Miles hence. This 
Town is not very ftately nor large, the Houfes being 
but low, yet uniform, and the Streets regular, with a 
large Piazza in the middle ; It is ftrongly fortified on 
the Land fide, and fince the Great Duke has made it 
a free Port, much encreafed in Traffick and Riches : 
Its convenient Situation for the Levant Trade having 
drawn thither great Numbers of Strangers, and efpeci- 
ally Jews, of the laft of which there are computed to 
be above 5000. Before it was fo well inhabited, it was 
reputed a very unhealthy Place, by Reafon of its Situa- 
tion in a fenny Level, without Mountain, or as much 
as a Hillock within five Miles of it, but fince that time, 
the Multitude of Fires, and the Induftry of the Inha- 
bitants, have, by draining thofe Marfhy Grounds, ren- 
dred the Air as agreeable here, as in moft Parts of Italy. 
The Harbour within the Mole is but fmall, but this 
Defedt is compenfated by the Goodnefs of the Road, 
where there is fafe Anchorage for Ships. Near the 
Harbour ftands the magnificent Statue of the Great 
Duke Ferdinand I. the Pedeftal of which is fuftain- 
ed by four Brafs Statues of chained Slaves, of a gigan- 
tick Stature. The Great Dukes often refide here in 
Lent, for the great Plenty and Cheapnefs of Fifh, 
though all other Provifions are here at a dear Rate. 
We faw many Workmen employed in filling of Mark- 
ing-Jiones, call’d in Latin, Lapis galadlites C? morochthuSy 
by the Italians, Pietra Lattaria j they are found at 
Monte negro, fives Miles from Leghorn •, of the Duft 
and Filings of which Stone they make Powder for 
Hair. 
We embarked at Leghorn, aboard z Dutch 
bound for Naples, but the Wind being very variable, 
we fpent five Days in this Voyage. Our Mafter told 
us, that it was a general Obfervation here, for the Wind 
to blow Eaft in the Forenoon from the Land, and in 
the Afternoon Weft from the Sea. We alfo made 
this Obfervation, that the Wind generally was quite 
laid with Sun-fet, and we had but little about Sun-rifing. 
In our Return from Mejfina to Naples, and thence to 
Leghorn, we found the Wind contrary, for the moft 
Part, which according to the Seamens Saying, is com- 
monly fo here in the Summer. We further obferved, 
