Mr. R A yV Travels Book II. 
March 13. We fet Guf from Venice., on our Journey 
to Geneva., taking our Way through Rhcetia and SwiU 
xerland. To Meftre we went feven Miles by Boat, 
from thence twelve Miles further by Coach to T’revifo, 
where taking Horfe, we fpent two Days and a half in 
travelling to Trent., being eighty Miles. The firft Day, 
after twelve Miles riding, we paffed through C. Franco., 
and thence through a fair champaign Country to Eaf- 
fano, a handfome City upon the River Bfenta, where 
there are Abundance of Silk- weavers. No fooner 
were we pafs’d Bajfano, but we came among the Moun- 
tains, extending for fourteen Miles along the River- 
lide : We lodg’d that Night at Pont Sigifmund. The 
fecond Day we ftill kept along the Bank of the River, 
and about two Miles from Pont Sigifmund, paffed thro* 
a Gate, where we paid the firft Duty to the Duke of In^ 
fpruck. At this Pafs we faw, hewn out of the Rock, 
a fmall Caftle called Cauolo, unto which there is no 
Avenues, both the Soldiers that keep Garrifon there, 
and their Provifions, being drawn up by Ropes and 
Pullies. It has a Fountain of ftefh Water in it, and 
belongs to the Archduke oilnfpruck, though the Venetian 
Territories extend four or five Miles beyond it. After 
having travelled fixteen Miles further, we came to a 
fmall Town called Borgo : and thirteen Miles more, to 
a rich and popolous Borough called Berzine, not above 
five Miles on this Side Trent. Upon the River Brenta 
we faw divers Saw*mills, and Abundance of Timber 
floating down the Streams ; and as foon as we enter’d 
the Mountains, we found Stoves inftead of Chimneys. 
30. March 16. We got to Trent in very good 
Time, a little but handfome City, feated upon the Ri- 
ver Athefis or Adda, at the Foot of the Mountains 
which almoft furround it, were it not for the Valley 
where the River runs. It belongs to the Archduke of 
Infpruck, hni the Inhabitants fpeak Italian. On the 
Front of the Choir is to be feen the following Infcrip- 
tion, giving a ftiort Account of the Council held m 
this City. 
Sacrofanflum poftremum Oecumenicum generale 
Concilium fuit in hsec celeberrima civitate celebratum ; 
& quidem fub Papa Paulo III. Anno MDXLV, 13 
Decembris pro felice Inchoatione fuit fatfta Proceflio 
o-eneralis per totam Urbem, ab Ecclefia Sandiflim^ 
Trinitatis ad hanc Ecclefiam Cathedralem, qua finita 
primus Cardinalis Praefidens, qui poftea fuit Papa Ju- 
lius III. [prout etiam alter Card. Praefidens fuit Papa 
Marcellus II. nominatus] in hoc loco eminentiore, tunc 
magis amplo,. ad celebrandum Concilium & SelTiones 
faciendas deputato, ad altare S. & gloriofiflimi Mar- 
tyris Vigilii hujus Ecclefiae patroni celebravit miflam de 
Spiritu S. Ac reliquis ceremoniis peradis fuerunt fub 
B. Paulo III. celebratae odo publicae Sefliones cum 
decrefis, & aliae tres ob vaftam peftem in hac Urbe 
graflantem Bononics, ubi nihil fuit decretum, Anno 
MDXLVII. Poftea cefifante pefte & Beilis fuit re- 
dudom hoc Concilium, & in hoc eodem loco fuerunt 
fub Papa Julio HI. celebrate aliae publics fex Sefliones 
cum Decretis Annis 1551, 1552, quibus interfuerunt 
tres Serenilfimi Principes Ecclefiaftici, S. R. I. Eledo- 
res Archiepifcopi, Moguntinus, Treverenfis, Colonienfts, 
i DieSeptemb. 1551. hanc urbem ingrefli i prout etiam 
Sereniffimus Eledor Brandenburgenfis duos oratores hue 
ableo-avit. Demum fub Papa Pzb IV. Anno 1361. & 
11162 fuerunt celebratae ultimae novem publicae Sef- 
fiones cum Decretis in Ecclefia S. Maria majoris hujus 
Urbis iftius Ecclefise Reverend ilTimo Capitulo incorpo- 
rata, ficuti etiam Ecclefia S. Petri. Et nihilominus ad 
pedes Sandiffimi Crucifixi turn in hoc loco exiftentis & 
nunc alio tranflati pro Decretorum corroboratione fem- 
per fuerunt publicata omnia didi Concilii Decreta. 
Interfuerant fub didis fummis Pontificibus celebration! 
Cardinales Legati 13, inter quos Chrijlophorus Madru- 
cius *, Non Legati 4, inter quos Ludovicus Madru- 
cius : Oratores Principum totius Europae 29 : Patriar- 
ciige 3 : Archiepifcopi 33 ; Inter quos Archiepifeopus 
" Roflanienfis, qui poftea fuit Urbanus VII. nominatus : 
Epifeopi 233 I Abbates iS : Generales Ordinum 12; 
Theologiae Dodores 148 ; Procuratores 1 8 : Ofgp 
ciales Concilii 3 : Cantores 9 : Notarii 4 : Curfores 
Paps 2. 
Sacrofando Splritui S. omnium Conciiiorum diredori 
facratiflima Die Penticoftes, Anno 1639. dicutum. 
« 
The InclinalionSi Manners, and Cufioms of the Italians. 
3 1 . The Italians are,^ by the general Confefllon of 
all^ that write them, ingenious, apprehenfive of any 
thing, and quick-witted. Barclay, who is not too 
favourable to them in the Charader he gives them, faith 
they have animum rerum omnium capacem j and ao-ain 
that there is Nothing fo difficult, ad quod Italici acmninis 
prafantia non tollatur. They are patient and afliduous 
in any thing they fet about or defire to learn, never 
giving over till they mafter it, and attain the Perfedion 
of it. They are a ftill, quiet People, as being naturally 
melancholly, of a middle Temper, between the faftu- 
ous Gravity of the Spaniard, and unquiet Levity of the 
French, agreeing very well with the EngU/h, as the 
Scots are obferved to do with the French, and Spani* 
ards with the Irijh. They are very faithful and loving 
to their Friends, mindful of a Courtefy received 
and if it lies in their Way or Power, for one o-ood 
Turn will do you two. This I had from a very intel- 
ligent Perfon, who hath lived and converfed lono- 
enough among them to know them thoroughly. Ba^ 
clay himfelf confelTeth, that where they do truly love, 
omnia Difcrimina habent infra tarn humani fesderis SanbIT 
tatem, underftand it of the better Sort ; for Shop- 
keepers and Tradefmen are falfe and fraudulent enough, 
and Inn-keepers, Carriers, Watermen and Porters^ 
as in other Places, horribly exading, if you make no: 
an explicit Bargain with them' before-hand, in fo much 
that in many Places the State hath thought it neceflfary, 
by publick Bando and Decree, to determine how much 
Innkeepers (hall receive of Travellers for their Dinner, 
and for their Supper and Lodging. They are not ea- 
fily provoked, but will bear long with one another, 
and more with Strangers than their own Countrymen. 
They are alfo very careful to avoid all Occafions of 
Quarrel, not to fay or do any thing that may offend 
any Perfon, efpecially not to abufe any one by Jefting 
or Drollery, which they do not like, nor can eafily bear. 
No People in Europe are more fcupulous and exad in 
obferving all the PunbHlio^% of Civility and good Breed- 
ing, {bella Creanza they call it) only methinks the Epi- 
thets they beftow upon mean Perfons are fomewhat ex- 
travagant, not to fay ridiculous, as when they ftile a 
Mechanick or common Tvd.ddm2in,Signor molto magnifico, 
and the like ; when they are in Company together, they do 
not only give every Man his Turn of Speaking, but 
alfo attend till he hath done, accounting it a Piece of 
very ill Breeding to interrupt any Man in his Difeourfe, 
as hating to be interrupted themfelves ; contrary to the 
Manner of the French and Butch, who make no Scru- 
ple of interrupting one another, and fometimes talk 
all together. As careful are they not to whifper pri- 
vately one to another, when in Company, or to talk in 
an unknown Language which all the Company under- 
ftands not. They do alfo fliew their Civility to Stran- 
gers in not fo much as asking them what Religion they 
are of, avoiding all unneceifary Difputes about that 
Subjedl, which are apt to engender Quarrels j which 
Thing we could not but take Notice of, becaufe in. 
France you fliall fcarce exchange three Words with any 
Man before he asks you that Queftion. 
It is not eafy for a Stranger to get Acquaintance and 
Familiarity with the Italians, they not much delighting 
to converfe with Strangers as not knowing their Hu- 
mours and Cuftoms ; yet is their Converfation, when 
gotten, pleafant and agreeable, their Difeourfe profi- 
table, and Carriage obliging. Moft of them, even of 
the ordinary Sort of People, will difeourfe intelligently 
about politick Affairs, and the Government and Intereft 
of their own Country, being much addided to and 
delighted in politick Studies and Difeourfes. Moft of 
them are very covetous of Liberty, efpecially fuch Ci- 
ties as have been formerly Common- wealths, 'Difeourfes 
or 
