Chap. III. through the State 
Situation is much the fame as Bern, upon a Hill, al- 
moft furrounded with a River, and encompafs’d wdth 
Hills, except on that Side where it is joined to the 
Land. 
April 1 8. We travePd from Fribourg through MauU 
ion to Laufanna, a great Town and an Univerfity and 
April the i^h continued our Journey by the Way of 
Merges, Rolle and Nion, confiderable Towns upon the 
Lake of Geneva and Verfoy, a fmall Place on the Lake 
near Geneva, belonging to the French, and came the 
fame Day to Geneva, where we ftaid for three Months. 
The Governments of Solothurn, Bern and Friburg, 
are much the fame as that of Lucern. In Solothurn the 
Great Council confifts of One Hundred and Fifteen, 
the Leffer of Thirty-five ; if one happens to die, 
the Thirty-four remaining chufe another out of the 
One Hundred and Fifteen, and his Place is fupplied 
out of the Citizens. In Bern, the greater Council is 
compofed of Two Hundred, and the leffer of Forty- 
two. In Fribourg the greater Council is of Two 
Hundred likewife, and the Leffer of Twenty-four. All 
thefe Cities have two Scouts or Confuls, who rule every 
other Year each in his Turn. He that defires a mor’e 
ample Account of the Government of thefe and all 
other Helvetick Cities, may confult Simler de Rep. HeU 
vet. Each of the Proteftant Cantons ackno^vledge a 
certain Saint for their Patron, whofe Image they ftamp 
upon the Reverfe of their Money. The Proteftant 
Cantons are, Zurich, Bern, Bajil, Schaffhaufen, and Part 
of Glaris 2iV\d Appenzel, That which breeds frequent in- 
teftine Differences among the Swifs, is the Bufinefs of 
the common Bailiwicks ; for the Popilh Cantons, be- 
ing more in Number than the Proteftants, they fend 
Bailiffs to thofe Places twice to the Proteftants once, 
who are often opprefs’d and injured by the Popifh Bai- 
liffs, and the Switzers being very jealous on both 
Sides in their Religion, hinc Hie lachryma. On the 
other Hand, the Proteftant Cantons, though fewer in 
Number, yet are the more powerful : Befides that, 
their Land is better, very like ours in England. The 
Romanijis are accounted the better Soldiers, and good 
Reafon they have, being more exercifed in War, fer- 
ving the Spanifh and French Kings, as being of the 
fame Religion. Befides, the Zurichers, who anciently 
had the Reputation for Valour, are now much given 
to Merchandize, and to accumulate Riches, and fo 
taken off from Martial Studies and Exercifes. The 
Bernefe, though they have far the greateft and beft 
Territory of all ; (fo that it is faid they can arm as 
many Men as the Dutchy of Milan, fend into the 
Field 100,000 Soldiers, and leave enough at Home to 
till the Land) yet have they no Reputation for Sol- 
diers : They loft their Credit quite in the late Skir- 
mifti with the Lucernefe, who account them rather Sa- 
voyards than Switzers. All the Cantons of Switzerland 
coin Money, except Appenzel, Underwald and Glaris, of 
which Glaris formerly hath coined, though now it doth 
not. All the Switzers in general are very honeft Peo- 
ple, kind and civil to Strangers : One may travel their 
Country fecurely with a Bag of Gold in his Hand. 
\Vhen we came to our Inns, they would be troubled if 
, we diftrufted them fo far as to take our Portmanteaus 
into our Lodging Chambers, and not leave them in 
the common Dining-Rooms. They keep their Houfes 
very clean and polite, like our Floufewives in England. 
For Plants, going from Zurich to Mellingen, we ob- 
ferved common Goosberry in the Hedges and by the 
Way-fides very plentifully, and in fome Places Bar- 
berries. Sigillum Solomonis and Herba Paris are the 
moft common Plants that grow in this Country in the 
Woods and Hedges every where ; Annonymus flore Co- 
lutea on the Mountains near Zurich from Arauw to 
Solothurn, FLelleborafter Maximus on the Hills Sides, as 
alfo Christ ophoriana, not to mention Fumarica Bulbofa 
every v»?here growing in the ftiady Lanes. 
Geneva is pleafandy feated at the lower End of the 
Eacus Lemanus, now called Geaffer-zee or the Lake of 
Geneva, upon a Hill-fide refpefting the Lake ; fo that 
from the Lake you have a fair Profpecl of the whole 
^Venice, ^c. 691 
Town. It is divided by the Rivef RhodanUs or Rhofne 
into two Parts, which are joined together by two 
wooden Bridges, one of which hath on each Side a 
Row of Houfes, after the Manner of London Bridge^ 
only they are low. The two principal and indeed 
only confiderable Streets in the Town are, the Low 
Street, i. e. Rue has, which runs along by the River 
and Lake- fide, and the High or Great Street, i. e. Ru 6 
Grand, which runs up the Flill. The City is indiffer- 
ently ftrong, and they have lately been at great Ex- 
pences to fortify it, d la moderna, with Ramparts and 
Baftiens of Earth. Though it be fmall, yet it is very 
populous, being fuppofed to contain 30,000 Souls. 
St. PetePs Church, formerly the Cathedral, is handfome 
and well-built 5 and in it is a ftately Monument for the 
Duke of Rohan. 
The Citizens are very bufy and induftrious, fubfift- 
ing chiefly by Trading, the whole Territory of this 
Republick being not fo great as fome one Nobleman’s 
Eftate in England for Extent of Land, All Provifions 
or Vi( 5 luals are very plentiful and cheap at Geneva, efpe- 
cially Milk, Meats, the neighbouring Mountains feed- 
ing Abundance of Cattle. The Tops of Jura Saleve,^ 
and other high Mountains of Savoy, Dauphine, and the 
Alps, where they are bare of Wood, put forth very 
good Grafs fo foon as the Snow is melted off them, 
which ufually is about or before the Middle of May : 
And then the Country People drive up their Cattle to 
Pafture, and feed them there for three Months Time. 
Upon thefe Hill-tops they have here and there low 
Sheds or Dairy-houles, which ferve the Men to live 
in, and to make their Butter and Cheefe in fo long as 
they keep their Beafts above. The Men I fay, for they 
only afeend up thither, and do all the Dairy Work, 
leaving their Women to keep Houfe below it, as being 
too toilfome for them to clamber up fuch fteep Hills. By 
Reafon ot thefe Cotts, it is very convenient Simpling 
upon the Mountains ; for if a Man be hungry or 
thirfty, he may foon find Relief at one of them. We 
always found the People very kind and willing to give 
us fuch as they had, viz. Brown Bread, Milk, Whey, 
Butter, Curds, Cfr. for which we could fcarce faften 
any Money upon them. For the Temper of the Air, 
in refpedt of Heat and Cold, Geneva, I think, is very like 
England, there being no great Excefs of either Ex- 
treme. The City is well governed. Vice difeounte- 
nanced, and the People either really better, or at leaft 
more reftrained than in other Places, though they do 
take a Liberty to ftioot, and ufe other Sports and Exer- 
cifes upon the Lord’s Day ; yet moft of their Minifters 
difallow it, and preach againft it, 
33. We fhall now take our Leave of thefe Parts of 
Europe, with the Satisfaftion of having given the Rea- 
der fuch Accounts of them as cannot fail, with any rea- 
fonable Degree of Attention, to furnifti him with juft: 
Ideas both of Places and Perfons j of the Country oi Italy., 
of the principal Cities and remarkable Places therein, 
and of their Inhabitants. We might, indeed, have 
given him later Travels, but againft thefe we had fe- 
veral Objedlions, fome of which it may be proper to 
mention. Modern Travellers commonly vifit Italy for 
fome particular Purpofe ; one is an Antiquary, and his 
Bufinefs is to confider Monuments, tranferibe Infcrip- 
tions, colledl Medals, and write tedious Accounts of 
them. Another has a Tafte for Painting, and every 
City that he paffes through, furnifties him with a fine 
Catalogue of Pictures, and which is no lefs valuable, an 
Opportunity of difeovering to how great a Degree he 
is a ConnoiJJeur by his Remarks upon it. A third, per- 
haps, is furioufly addicted to the Clafficks, and his 
great Point is to Hired out by Virgil, Horace, Ovid, &c. 
and where-ever he comes, gives you their Defeription 
inftead of his own; A fourth, it may be, is a Politi- 
cian, and he entertains you with a Recital of the fe- 
veral Families through which every little Principality 
has paffed, before it fell under the Power of the Houfe 
of Aujiria, the Kings of Spain, the Pope, the Swifs 
Cantons, or the State of Venice. A Fifth, poffibly, 
may be a Virtuofo, and infifts entirely upon Curiofities, 
