7^8 Dr. Brown E' i* Travels Book II 
by the Way of Koehten (the Refidence of the Prince of 
Anhalt') to Caln^ fituate upon the River Sala, not far 
before it falls into the Elbe. In this Neighbourhood 
is the famous Mountains, ftiled the Fichtdberg^ much 
celebrated for the Mines, Baths, and mineral Waters 
near it, and for four Rivers, running to the four dif- 
ferent Quarters of the World, viz. The Main to the 
Weft, the Nab or Nabus to the South, the JEger to the 
Eaft, and the Sala to the North ; which four Rivers 
afterwards join the three capital Rivers of Germany^ the 
T>anube^ the Rhine and the Elbe. 
Hence we pafs’d through Saltz (noted for its Salt- 
fprings) to Magdeburghy feated upon the River Elbe. 
This, which in' former Ages was the Metropolitan City 
of Germanyy but now under the Jurifdidlion of the 
Eleflor of Brandenburgy is of a very large Circumference, 
but fcarce half built, fince it was deftroyed by Filly 
the Imperial General, who put 56000 Perfons there to 
the Sword. The Cathedral Church is a very fair Struc- 
ture, built after the Model of our Engli/h Churches ; 
by the Emperor Otho I. and his Emprefs Edithuy the 
Daughter of our Englijh King Edmund. Her Effigies 
in Stone ftands ftill in the Church, with the Reprefen- 
tation of eighteen Calks of Gold by her, which ffie 
gave thereto. The Lutheran Churches are very hand- 
fome here, and the Jefuits very fine, as indeed they are 
in all other Places. In the Cathedral Church of St. 
Mauricey I faw the Statue of the five wife Virgins fmi- 
ling, and the five fooliffi Virgins lamenting, which were 
not ill done. Among the reft they ffiew’d feveral odd 
Relicks, viz. The Bafon in which Pilate waffi’d his 
Hands ; and the Ladder whereon the Cock crow’d, 
after St. Peterh Denial of our Saviour. Among the 
Ruins of the Cloifter of the Aujiin FriarSy are ftill re- 
maining LutheFs> Chamber, his Bedftead, and his Ta- 
ble. Upon the Door are certain German Verfes, which 
tranftated into Englijh are to this Purpofe : 
Great Luther lodg'd within this little Roomy 
While as a Monk this Cloifter was his Home ; 
And we in Rev'rence of his 'Mem'ry keep 
The Bedjiead upon which he us'd to Jleep. 
At Magdeburgh I began to be fenfible that I had left 
behind the true Purity of the German Language, for 
here you begin to hear another Dialed, generally cal- 
led the lower Saxony fpoken in all the North of Germany, 
at Flamburgy Lubecky and other Cities in thofe Parts. 
However People of Faftiion converfe in High Dutch, 
and their Sermons are generally held, and Books written 
in the fame Language. The City of Magdeburgh is 
highly celebrated in Germany, as having been the firft 
where the moft famous Turnaments were inftituted in 
the Year 638, by the Emperor Henry, firnamed the 
Fowler. The Condition of thefe Turnaments or Ex- 
ercifes of Chivalry were, That none but of the anci- 
ent Nobility, no Baftard, no Ufurper, no Perfon at- 
tainted of High-Treafon, no OpprelTor of Widows 
and Orphans, none born of Parents, whereof one was 
of ignoble Extradion, no Heretick or Murderer, 
Coward, or who had given Offence to Ladies in Word 
or Deed, ftiould be admitted into the Lift, and not 
above one in a Family at a Time. Princes were to 
come attended with four Squires, Counts and Barons 
with three, a Knight with two, and a Gentleman with 
one. He that was defirous to enter the Lifts, ap- 
pear’d at the Prefident’s Lodgings, where his Name 
and Quality being regiftred in the Prefence of three 
Heralds, the Champion deliver’d unto them his Helmet 
and Sword, and after Confeffion enter’d the Lift, at- 
tended according to his Quality. Their Horfes were 
to be without Defed, their Furniture according to the 
Rules preferibed, and the Saddles without any rifing be- 
hind or before. Having performed all Manner of 
Exerdfes, they expedled the Sentence from the 
Judges, and he who obtained the Prize, received it 
, from the Hand of fo'me Lady, or from the Prince who 
gave it. 
But alter thefe Paftimes had continued for fome Ages, 
they were aboliffi’d upon very weighty Confiderations, 
thefe Exercifes having caufed no fmall Emulation amono 
the Nobihty, lo that at the twenty third Turnamenr 
l^ld at Darmjiadty 1473, this Animofity rofe to fuch a 
Height between the Gentlemen of Franconia and thofe 
of Hejfe, that feventeen of the former and nine of the 
latter remained dead upon the Spot. The Winter now 
coming on apace, I battened my Journey to Hamburg 
which I performed in the Stage-Coach in four Days 
taking our Way through the Eleftor of Brandenhur?h 
and the Dukes of Lunenburgh's Territories. In this 
Road I took Notice of many fmall Mounts of Earth 
the ancient Funeral Monuments of Great Commanders • 
( which are alfo found in England) and fometimes Rows 
0 great Stones j and in one Place I faw three great maffy 
Stones in the Middle^ in a large fquare, enclofed by 
other large Stones, fet up on End. 
_ 25. The City of Hamburgh, one of the greateft 
richeft, and perhaps the moft populous Cities of Ger- 
many, is feated in a Plain, being well fortified after the 
modern Way, yet are their Works not faced with Stone 
But the Territories belonging to it are of no great Ex- 
tent. It is divided into the Old and New Town It has 
five Gates; the Stone- Gate, which leads to Lubeck, the 
Dyke Gate ; the Grafs- Brook Gate ; the Dome Gate, and 
the Ellern or Aliena, a Town belonging to the Kin» of 
Denmark. Their Buildings are very handfome, with very 
grand Entrances, and fpacious Halls. The Senate Houle 
is a noble Struffure, beautified with the Statues of the 
nine Worthies. The Exchange was then enlargino- ; It 
is celebrated for its fair Churches, and noble Steeples 
cover’d with Copper. The Church of St. Catharine 
has a noble Front, and round the Steeple you fee a Crown 
well gilt. The Steeple of St. Nicholas is fupported by 
great Globes. The other great Churches are, the Dome 
or Cathedral Church, St. Peter's, St. James's the Great 
and Lefs, St. Michael's Church in the New Town, be- 
fides feveral letter ones, as of St. Gertrude, St. jlhn's, 
St. Mary Magdalen, the Holy Ghoji, the Blue Coat Hof- 
pital Church, and St. George's in the Suburbs. The Ri- 
ver or rather Lake call’d Aljler, pattes through jc into 
the Elbe, which is juft beyond the Town, join’d by ano- 
ther fmall River call’d the Bilde. The Tide pattes daily 
twice through moft of the great Streets, through Chan- 
nels, though the City lies eighteen Leagues dittant from 
the Mouth of the Elbe. 
As it is excellently well fituated for Commerce, fo it 
abounds_ in Shipping ; for befides its Paffage into the 
Ocean, it is but an eafy Day’s Journey from Lubeck on 
the Baltick-Sea, befides, that by the River Elbe, they 
carry on their Commerce by Water with a great Part of 
Germany, even as far as Bohemia. The Gonveniency of 
Trade drives many foreign Merchants thither, among 
which the Englijh Company tr\]oys great Privileges ; ic 
being computed that they vend there about 100,000 
Pounds worth of our Woollen Manufactory annually. 
1 left Hamburgh the loth of December, when embark- 
ing in an EngliJh\^tM, we got that Day to Stadt upon 
the Zwingh, which near it falls into the Elbe. It belongs 
now to the King of Sweden ; and here it was the Englfjh 
Merchants refided for fome Time, upon fome Difcontenc 
with the Hamburghers. 
nth. We pafs’d Gluckjladt, feated upon the Holfatian 
Shoar, and belonging to the King of Denmark : We 
anchor d that Night at the Mouth of the River Oaf, 
which rifing in the Dutchy of Bremen, falls into the 
Elbe, a Mile from Brunfbuttel, on the oppofite Side of 
the Holjatian Shoar. 12 th, We pafs’d Cook's Haven, 
in Hopes to reach the Sea that Night, but being be- 
calm’d at Three in the Afternoon, were forced to An- 
chor again, between Thickfand to the North, and Nezvark 
to the South, near a Light- Houfe. 13th, The ftrong 
Wind forcing us back to Cook's Haven, I embrac’d 
the Opportunity to go a-fhore, and took a View of 
the Cattle, which belongs to the City of Hamburgh. It 
is a fquare Fort with a double Ditch, and at high Tide, 
fome Vefiels come up to the Channel, which reaches 
up to the Fort, but at low Water it is dry. Both the 
Town and Gaftle are call’d Reutzhuttel, not far 
from the Lands- End, and the Governor thereof is 
always one of the Senate. Within three Days after we 
