Chap. I. to the Levant. 793 
jefl to thofe who have moft Power in the Country, 
fometimes the Venetians^ and fometimes \\\zturks. All 
their Bufinels is to rob Travellers. 
Cerigo Vv/as anciently called Porphyris^ becaufe of the 
oreat Quantity oF Porphyrian Marble found there, and 
Qythera. Venus, who is fabled to have been born of 
the Froth of the Sea, firft dvvelt here, and had a 
Temple near the Sea-fide, the Ruins of which are 
{fill iTiev/n. It is the firft Ifland in the Archipelago, or 
jEgean Sea, fixty Miles in Compafs, and five from the 
main Land. The Venetians are Mafters of it, and 
keep a good Garrifon there, becaufe it is a Pafs of 
very great Importance. 
From Cerigo, where the Ship paid the Conful a Pi- 
aft re for Anchorage, he failed to Zia, leaving many in- 
confiderable Iftands on the Right-hand, as Mdo, Anti- 
mdo, &c. This Ifle was anciently called Ceos, or Cea, 
it IS ftiaped like an Horfe-fhoe, and fifty Miles in Cir- 
cumference. The Soil is pretty good, producing Corn, 
Wine, Grafs, and a great many other Things, and the 
Harbour is full of Fifli. The Inhabitants pay a Tribute 
to l\\Q "Turks of 3400 Piaftres, and to the Venetians 
2600, befides the Extortions and Robberies they meet 
with, which fo impoverifh them, that they are often 
forced to leave their Flabitations. They are good Peo- 
ple, and deferve to be pitied, becaufe of the Miferies 
they luffer both from Chriftians and Turks. The chief 
Town of the fame Name is five Miles from the Fort •, 
it is a large Place, containing feven hundred Houfes, 
but there. IS not above four hundred of them inhabited, 
the reft being forfaken fince the War of Candia. The 
Houfes are built of Stone and Earth, rank’d on the Side 
of an Hill like the Benches of an Amphitheatre. The 
Gaftle is ruinous, but ftrong, fo that fixty Turks, with 
two Mufqiiets only, held out againft the whole Venetian 
Army, under General Morofini, till Want of Water 
forced them to yield. 
From Zia he failed to Andra, anciently called Andros, 
fixty Miles from it, and eighty in Circuit. It is reck- 
oned the moft fertile Ifland of the Archipdago. It pro- 
duces almoft all Things neceffary, and Silk more efpe- 
cially, for which they have a great Trade. The Port 
is pretty good, and the Town adjoining to it hath about 
two hundred Houfes. In the whole Ifland are about 
fixty Villages, of which the moft confiderable are Arni 
and Arnolacos, inhabited by the Arnauts or Albanians, 
who are about tv;elve hundred Souls, and all of the 
Greek Churchy differing in Language and Cuftoms, yet 
all without any Difcipline. Near thefe Villages is a 
large Monaftery of an hundred ignorant Monks, called 
Tagia, who have a neat fmail Church, which they fup- 
ply, and fix leffer ones. There is a great Number of 
Greek Churches in the Ifle, which are under the Govern- 
ment and Difcipline of a Greek Bifliop. The Latins 
alfo have a Bifliop there, and fix Churches, of which 
the Cathedral is dedicated to St. Andrew. The Capu- 
chins preach in them, and teach a School, to which 
the Greeks fend their Children from as far as Athens. 
The Turks difpofe of the temporal Affairs of this Ifle, 
and are but unealy Neighbours to the Chriftians. The 
Jefuits have a Church dedicated to St. and 
an Houfe near the Valley Monites, with a Garden full 
of Fruit-trees of all Sorts, which yield them confiderable 
Profit, The Houfes in this Ifle are ill built, and both 
the Air and Water bad. The Inhabitants are civil j 
their V/omen are chafte, and fpeak well, but their Ap- 
parel is unbecoming. The Inhabitants of the Towns 
love good Cheer and Diverfions, and care not much to 
labour, but the Peafants are very induftrious. Their 
Food is Goat’s Flefli, for though in their Woods there 
is good Venifon and Wild-fowl, yet they have neither 
Huntfmen nor Fowling-pieces to catch them. The Sea 
affords them no Fifli. They have neither Phyfician nor 
Chirurgeon, but when they are fick, betake themfelves 
to the Mercy of God as their only Remedy. 
5. From Andra he failed by ihtNegropont, Sciro, Ip- 
fscera, Chio and Tenedo, to Troy, where there are ftill 
confiderable Ruins of that ancient and famous City, 
and thofe of great Extent, wi%. An Harbour, Pieces of 
large Pillars, and the Remains of a great Temple ; but 
Vo L. II. 123. 
the Learned fay^ that they are only the Ruins of fome 
Buildings erefled there by the Romans long after the 
Deftruclion of Troy. From hence he paffed the Mouths 
and entred the Channel of Hdlefpont, where the Turks 
firft paffed over into Europe, and failing betwixt the 
Caftles of the Dardands, caiiie to an Anchor. The 
Rardands are two Caftles, built on each Side the Channel 
of the Hdlefpont by Mahomet II. Son of Amurath II. The 
one ftands in Europe, in Romania, in the very Place where. 
Sejios formerly flood. This Caftle is triangular, and be- 
fides two Baftions, hath three Towers covered with Lead, 
and twenty large Guns, which carry Stone Bullets of fixty 
Pound Weight. The other is in AJia, in a Plain where 
anciently Abidos flood. Thefe two Forts are the Keys 
of Conjiantinople, though at two hundred Miles Diftance, 
for they can hinder any Ship, Friend or Foe, to pafs 
them without Leave, unlefs they will run the Hazard of 
being funk. All Ships that come from Conjiantinople, 
are fearched here for contraband Goods and fugitive 
Slaves. Thefe Places are famous for the Loves of Hero 
and Leander, and Xerxes’s Bridge into Europe, which 
was made hereabouts. From Andra to this Caftle is 
280 Miles. 
From thence he fail’d to Gallipoli, which is reckoned 
thirty five Miles. This Town was built by Callias, 
Prince of the Athenians, from whom it was called Callio-’ 
polis, which now is corrupted into Gallipolis. This Place 
is but thin peopled : The Greeks that dwell in it fell 
Raki, or Brandy, for the moft Part, and their Houfes 
have Doors not above two Yards high^ to keep out 
the Turks, who will ride in elfe when they are drunk, 
and turn all Things upfide down. It has a 
Tower and Arfenal, where are commonly laid up 
feveral Gallies. 
6. Departing thence he paffed the Ifle of Marmora, 
which gives Name to the Sea, that was formerly called 
the Propontis, and failing along by the Seraglio and 
Conjiantinople, came to an Anchor at Galata, where is the 
Harbour of that City. The Sea of Marmora, or the 
Propontis, which is about 120 German Leagues in Com- 
pafs, lies between the 38^^ and 41^ of Northern Lati- 
tude, which makes the Clime fo temperatCj that it has 
neither the Inconveniences of fharp Cold, or burning 
Heats, which is the Reafon that both Sides of it has 
been fo well adorn’d with famous Cities : For on the 
Afian Side flood Chizico, a Town formerly famous not 
only for being, built by the Argonauts 500 Years be- 
fore Rome, but for its lofty Towers, magnificent Build- 
ings, large Arfenals and Magazines, fine Amphitheatre 
and convenient Port, though Nothing now remains of 
ail thefe Things but frightful Ruins, which are the Ha- 
bitations of Owls. 
Nice, called by the Turks Ifnich, famous for the firft; 
General Council. It is almoft fquare, and ftands at 
the Extremity of a Bay in a fine Plain. On the N. E. 
is a Ridge of Hills, which abound wi(h Wood, Vines, 
Fruits and Fountains. It is encompaffed with Walls 
full of round Turrets, and had a Covert- Way that 
ran by them, but it is now ruined. The City is pretty 
large, the Streets neat, and has at leaft 10,000 Inhabi- 
tants, as well Greeks as Jews and Turks, who trade in 
Corn, Fruit, Cotton, fine Cloth, idc. to Conjiantinople. 
There are here many Remains of Pagan and Chriftian 
Antiquities, but thefe are fo defaced by the Turks, that 
nothing admirable is to be difeerned. 
Montagma, or Nicopolis. It ftands on a Bay anci- 
ently called Cianus Sinus, from the City of Cium, which 
onCe flood there. This Town is fmall, but by Means 
of the Bay drives a great Trade to Conjiantinople, for 
itsNearnefs to Burfa brings all the Traffick of Bithynia 
to it. The Inhabitants are about five or fix thoufand 
Greeks, Turks and Jews, and are all Merchants, and 
live by their Trade in Fruits, which they fend to 
Conjiantinople. 
Nicomedia, which, next to Constantinople, \\z.s the plea- 
fanteft Situation of any City in the World. It ftands at 
the Bottom of a Bay, and runs up the Side of an Hill, 
adorn’d with many Fountains, and is cover’d with Fruit- 
Trees, Vineyards and Corn. Their Garden-Fruits are 
extraordinary, and their Melons are thought by fome 
9 0 ^ t© 
