p6o E. Ysbrants in 
Confufion. Yet nothing like this happened, the Council 
of Regency adled not only with Prudence and Unanimi- 
ty, but what was more extraordinary ftill, with the ucmcft 
Vigour; they found that there were fome Diforders in the 
State that needed Redrefs, that the Power of the Eunuchs 
was become too great, and that there was juft Ground 
to fear, that the Emperor being a Child, thefe Evils 
might increafe, cr which was worfe, might grow irre- 
mediable. To prevent which, they without Hefitation, 
cut oft the Guilty, removed all fufpicious Pcrfons, and 
by maintaining a wife and virtuous Condudl at Court, 
gave a good Example to the Tartars and Chinefe in ge- 
neral. But as this kind of Government is never fub- 
mitted to in that Country, from any other Motive than 
Neceflity, fo this Emperor, like his Father, was very 
early called to the foie Management of the Affairs of 
his Empire, to which he fhowed himfelf always equal, 
as well in the tender Years of his Youth, as in his de- 
clining Age. 
It was to him^ that our Author was fent, and he go- 
verned no lefs than threefcore Years, in which Time he 
gave all the Marks of a truly great Genius. At the 
Entrance of his Reign, the Chinefe rebelled, and it coft 
a long and bloody War to reduce them. The Empe- 
ror appeared in thofe Days rigoroully fevere, or rather 
cruel ; he puniftied the fmalleft Faults with Death, gave 
a conftant Preference to the Tartars^ and exprefled a 
ftrong Diffidence and Diflike to the Chinefe. Under 
fuch a Prince, it might have been apprehended, that 
the Empire would have been very unhappy ; it fell out 
quite otherwife, his Severity made every Body attentive 
and circumfpedt, the Chinefe Were glad to abandon their 
own and affedt the Tartar Cuftoms, that they might 
become agreeable to the Emperor, who in the Midft 
of his Severity had a ftridt Regard to Juftice. When 
he faw that the Empire was thoroughly fettled, the two 
Nations perfedly incorporated, and the rifing Genera- 
tion for the moft part Tartars in Habit ; and Manners 
he let fall his Severity by Degrees, and for the laft thirty 
Years of his Life was acknowledged to be the mildeft 
and jufteft Prince that ever fat upon that Throne. His 
Son and Succeffbr proves as extraordinary a Monarch 
in every Refpedf, and this by the Confeffion of the Mif- 
fionaries, notwithftanding that he has driven them not 
only from the Court, but in fome Meafure out of his 
Dominions. He has taken Pains to reform all the 
Abufes in the feveral Provinces of his Empire, applies 
himfelf wholly to the Cares of Government, receives 
every Memorial that is offered to him, reads and gives 
Anfwers to them all ; fuch a Succeffion of Princes does 
Honour to a Nation. It is almoft without Example in 
the Chinefe Annals, and therefore it is a convincing Ar- 
gument of our Author’s Penetration, with Refpecl to 
the Superiority in Point of political Talents, of the 
Tartars over the Chinefe. 
A third Proof of this may be taken from their Con- 
duct towards Foreigners. Before the Time of their be- 
coming Mailers of China., it was very difficult indeed, 
almoft impofiible for Strangers to find Admittance at 
the Imperial Court ; that is now quite altered, and as 
thefe Travels plainly fhew us, a Minifter from a Euro- 
pean Court is not only received and treated with Refpedl 
at Pekingy but allowed to negociate whatever Bufinels he 
comes about as at any other Court. It is very true, that this 
is not only contrary to the old Cuftoms of the Chinefe^ 
but is fo very difagreeable to their Humour, that they 
never ceafe to oppofe it, as much as in them lies ; fo 
that nothing but the Emperor’s abfolute Authority 
could get the better of their Obftinacy in this Relpedl, 
which very ftrongly confirms the Truth of his Ob- 
fervation. 
It is remarkable that our Author gives the Title of 
Bogdoy Khan to the Emperor of China^ but he does not 
explain the Reafon of this, and therefore it is fit we 
Ihould. The Ruffians called thofe Tartars who are now 
Mailers of China,, Bogdoyes^ and therefore it is natural 
E travels, &c. Book HI. 
for them to pireferve that Way of fpeaking, with Ref- 
pedl to the Tartar Emperor, chough he now refides ia 
and governs China. Many of our modern Writers call 
thefe Tartars,^ ManfeurSy which is only a barbarous 
Corruption of that Appellation, v»?hich they have be- 
llowed upon themfelves, and which in their own Lan- 
guage is written Man tcheou ; and this is no more than 
tne proper Name of the Father of that great Conqueror 
by whole Valour and Prudence they were eftabhfhcd 
in China, and is a Mark of the Reverence and RefpeCt 
which this whole Nation bear to his Memory. vVe 
may obierve, that this Cuftom of calling themlclves by 
the Name of fome particular Perfon, from a Principle 
of Gratitude has been common in moft of the Nations 
of the Eafl, but has been particularly fo amongft the 
the Tartars, and like many other of their Cuftoms, 
prevails through all their Tribes, how remote ioever m 
Point of Relation or of Refidence. 
We have an Initance of this among the Crim Tartars,, 
which as it is lingular and curious, I will relate for the 
Amulcment of me Reader. The reigning Family in 
that Country was, about a Century ago, by civil Wars, 
reduced into very diftreffed Circumltances, ib that at 
Length there remained only one Heir Male, and he was 
concealed and bred up privately in the Houle of a very 
mean Perfon. The IVlirza^s or Tartar Chiefs, that had 
thus got rid of their Khans or fupreme Lords, fell out 
amongft themfelves, and by tiicir Feuds, the whole 
Country came to be filled with Blood and Confufion. 
To remedy this, a general Council was called, in Wiikh 
both Princes and People lamented the Lois of the Royal 
Family, and confeffed that they werejuftly punifficd by 
thefe dreadful Effebls of their own Dilobedicnce. Tne 
old Man, wFo had bred up the only furviving' Prince ia 
his Houfe, took this Occafion to produce him, and he was 
immediately acknowledged Khan, and his Succeffors have 
governed Crirn-Tartary to this Day ; So great a Service 
demanded an extraordinary Reward, and the Khan of- 
fered his kind Protedor to do for him whatever he plea- 
fed. The old Man whole Name was Guirey, only ddired 
that his might become the Sirname of the Royal Fa- 
mily, which was readily complied with, and all the 
Princes of the Blood Royal of Tartary bear it accord- 
ingly. 
But to return to the Tartars that are in Poffeffion of 
China ; they are properly filled Moungals or Nieucheu 
Moungalsy to diftinguiffi them from the Calcha Moungals. 
By thefe Words there is nothing more underflood than 
Eaftern and Weflern Moungals, and * this in Ref- 
pecl to the Situation of their Countries with Regard to 
China. , The former of thefe Nations, viz. the Nieucheu 
Moungals were, as we have fhewn in another Place, 
once before Matters of that Empire, out of which they 
were driven by the native Chinefe, Anno Bom. 1368. At 
prefent they have not only recovered the Dominion of 
this extenfive Empire, but have alfo brought the Wef- 
tern Moungals to be dependant upon them, which the 
old Chinefe Emperors could never bring to pafs. 
Our Author, that he might to the utmofl oblige his 
Readers, and make his Work as perfed as they could 
defire it, thought proper to add to it a Defeription and 
Hiflory of China, written by a Chriftian Native, one 
Dennis Kao, who was a Surgeon by Profeffion in his 
own Country, and had alfo pradifed his Profeffion in 
feveral Parts of the Eafi-Jndies. The Reafon that in- 
duced Mr. Everard Tsbrant Ides to do this, was the 
Succindnefs and Accuracy of that Performance, which, 
that he might render the more ufeful, he procured Re- 
marks and Obfervations upon it, to be colleded from 
the moft efleemed Works that were extant, and by this 
Means, made it, without extending it too much, a very 
compleat Thing, as v/e hope the Reader will allow 
upon perufing it, as it ftands in the next Sedions, with 
fome additional Remarks, diftinguifhed by inverted 
Comma’s, 
SECTION V, 
