p6z A Geographical uefcription of Book Hi 
What Additions were neceffary have been very carefully Xienfi the largeft of all the fixteen Province?, is fituate 
added by the Dutch Editor himfelf, and we have alfo Weft of Xanfi^ Eaftwards of Weft Dartary ^ whence the 
taken Pains to improve thefe as far as we were enabled Lamars come % Southwards of Suchuen \ and Northwards 
to do it from fubfequent Accounts, only as to the Chi- , of the Tartars at the End of the Great Wall. And the 
Orthography we muft own ourfelves not a little at Source of the yellow River is alfo in the Weft 
a Lofs, there being as yet no Rules fixed that can ena- part of this Province. ~ . 
ble us to reduce the different Ways of Spelling, to any Honan is in the Middle of China^ butting towards 
rational Standard ; only this we know, that as the Chi- the South on Huquang and Kiangft s Northwards on Pe* 
nefe ufe none Monofyllables, later Writers generally fol- king and Xanfi ; Eaftwards on Xantvjig and Nanking 
low that Method, though our Author feems to have and Weftwards on Suchuen and Xienji. 
negle( 5 ted it for the Sake of keeping near , the Portuguefe Leaotung borders Northwards on Xantung^ which de^ 
Pronunciation. dines Southward from it ; Eaftwards it is oppofite to 
2. This extenfive potent Empire comprehends fifteen Corea j it extends alfo Southwards to the Great-Wall, 
Provinces, which may more properly be called King- 
doms : For before they were united under one Head, 
above three thonfand Years paft, each of them had its 
peculiar King ; As at prefent every Province hath its 
Viceroy, all which are fubordinate to one fupreme So- 
vereign the Emperor. The Province of Leaotung^ 
though fituate without the great Walk is alfo reckoned 
amongft the reft, and paffeth for the Sixteenth. 
“ Nieuhoff' places this Province within the Wall, in 
“ his Map affixed to the Relation of his Travels, and 
“ is herein followed by Martinus Martini \ but are both 
‘‘ clearly refuted by the convincing Teftimony of 
our Author. The Jefuits he Comte, Bouvet, and Go- 
‘‘ hien, unanimoufly confirm our Author’s Affertion, 
“ they all affirming that the Province of Leauton is 
only feparated from part of Corea by an Arm of the 
Sea, and is on that Side of the Great Wall, viz. the 
“ Side on which Corea is : Though Father Martinus 
“ the Jefuit, in his Chinefe Atlas hath not placed it on 
‘‘ that Side, but within the Wall, and thereby mifled al- 
moft all the Geographers fince, they having very in- 
“ duftrioufly continued his Blunder. 
“ Formerly all Authors reckoned but fifteen Chinefe 
“ Provinces ; but after the Leaotungers affifted the Tar- 
tars in the Conqueft of China, that became one of 
“ the Provinces of that Empire, and doth accordingly 
“ enjoy all the Privileges of that Nation. 
“ Le Comte fpeaks yet plainer on this Head. The 
“ Geographers (faith he) are grofly miftaken in their 
“ Accounts of China. Firft they place the whole Pro- 
“ vince of Leauton on this Side of the Great Wall ; 
“ though it is certain that it lies not within, but without 
“ it ; notwithftanding which it always belonged to 
“ China. This is an undoubted Truth, to be iatisfied 
“ in which no more is requifite than to have been on 
‘‘ the Spot as well as we. 
“ And yet farther he goes on, I do not take in as 
“ belonging to it fhe is fpeaking of China) »the Elands 
of Formofa, Hanan, and feveral others, which united 
“ would make a great Monarchy, any more than 
Leauton, which lies without the Great Wall.” 
Thefe Provinces are divided into North and South. 
The North funder which is Piho Leaotung) are Peking, 
Xantung, Xanfi, Xienfi, and Honan, in all fix. And the 
South Kingdoms or Provinces are the following ten : 
viz. Nanking, Chekiang, Kianfi, Huquang, Suchuen, 
Ffuekheu, Junan, ^oangfi, Ffuoantung or Canton, and 
Fokien. 
Befides thefe, feveral Kings and Kingdoms are ob- 
liged to pay their annual Tribute to the Emperor of 
China ; Of which Number are Tunkin, Cochinchina, Laos, 
Liukin, and Chaofien. The two laft of thefe, are Hands, 
fituate. very near Japan. Corea, Japan, Siam, and Pegu, 
were alfo formerly fubjedt to this Empire, though not 
at prefent. I deftgn to defcribe all thefe Provinces and 
neighbouring tributary Kingdoms feparately, and geo- 
graphically, as they butt and bound Eaft and Weft, 
North and South, as briefly as poffible. 
Peking lies Eaft of Xanfi, as Xanfi does Weft of Pe- 
king, and the Great Wall ferves as a Northern Boun- 
dary common tor' them both. 
Xantung is Southwards of Peking, and Northwards of 
Nanking y it borders Eaftwards on the Sea, and Weft- 
wards on Honan. 
Xanfi, as is above hinted, lies Weftwards of Peking, 
Eaftwards of Xienfi, Southwards of Honan, and bounds 
Northwards on the Great Wall, 
and Northwards to Tartary, 
Nanking is bounded by Chekiang on the South, and 
Xantung on the North •, it ftretches Weftwards to Honan 
and Huquang, and Eaftwards to tbo, Ocean. 
Chekiang touches on Nanking, from which it lies 
Northwards, as it doth to the South of Fokien y the 
Sea waffies it Eaftwards ; and Weftv/ards of it lies 
Kiangfi. 
Kiangfi borders Eaftwards on Chekiang and Fokien 5 
Weftwards on ^eicheu Honan y Southwards on 
^antung, and Northwards on Nanking. 
Huquang is bounded Northwards by Honan y South- 
wards by Ffuantung y Weftwards by Zuchuen and ^ei- 
cheu y and Eaftwards by Kiangfi. 
Zuchuen butts Eaftwards on Huquang-, Weftwards on 
Tibet y Northw^ards on Xienfi and Southwards on ^ei- 
cheu, and Junan. 
Ffueicheu lies Northwards almoft on ^anfi ; South- 
wards on Zuchuen y Eaftwards on Huquang, and Weft- 
wards on Junan, 
Junan looks Eaftwards and Southwards to Ffuoangfi ; 
Southwards to Gannany Weftwards to Laos, and North- 
wards to Zuchuen and ffueicheu. 
Ffuoangfi or Ffuamfi hath ^oantung on the Eaft y Co- 
chinchina on the South j Junan on the Weft, and 
cheu on the North. 
Ffuoantung or Canton is bounded on the Eaft and 
North by Fokien, on the Weft by the Fellow Sea,; 
farther Northwards by Ffuoangfi, and Southwards by 
the Ocean. 
Fokien looks on the Eaft and South-Eaft to the 
Sea, and the Ifland of Formofa y Weftwards of 
it lies Kianfi y Southwards Canton, and Northwards 
Chekiang. 
3. Peking is a Royal Province, fubordinate to which 
are nine leffer Provinces, or great Cities, with their de- 
pendant Diftridts, all which are diftinguiffied by the 
additional Name of Fu. And thefe nine large have 
fixteen leffer Cities fubjedled to their Jurifdidfion, which 
are alfo diftinguiffied from them by the Appellative of 
Cheu y and the lefs confiderable Places which are under 
the Government of the laft Sort are denominated Hien. 
The firft Imperial City of this Province is Xuntien Fu, 
otherwife called Peking y it hath twenty fix other Cities 
fubjedted to its Jurifdidlion. 
“ Xuntien Fu is the ancient and true Name of this 
City ; but fince the Seat of the Empire was tranfplant- 
“ ed from Nanking to this Place, it hath affumed the 
“ Name of Peking y which imports the North Court, as 
“ Nanking fignifies the South. We ffiall fpeak of the 
“ Courts prefiding at Nanking in our Defcription of 
“ that Province and City. This Metropolis however 
“ very juftly lays claim to two Names, it being at pre- 
“ fent grown into two Cities, a new one being built 
“ near the old one 1 For when the Tartar eftabiiffied 
“ himfelf on the Throne, he fo crouded this Place 
“ with fuch Numbers of his own Nation, that the 
“ Chinefe were neceflitated to build a new City with- 
out the Walls of the old one. This new built 
“ Town is full as large as the ancient one, which laft 
“ is a perfedl Square, of about four Miles Compafs, 
“ and being inhabited by Tartars alone, is called the 
“ Tartar City: The new Town is as big as the other, 
“ but more populous, and is called the Chinefe City : 
And both of them take up the Compafs of fix large 
Miles about, each Mile being reckoned at 3600 
“ Paces, as appeared when it was meafured by the Em- 
“ peror*s 
