CONCLUSION. 
“ and his Sifter Coya Mama^ who are faid to have firft 
“ appeared in that Country, near a mighty Lake, 
“ which is ftill facred with them upon this Occafion. 
“ Before this Time, the People of thefe Countries are 
“ reported to have lived like the Beafts among them, 
‘‘ without any Traces of Order, Laws', or Religion, 
“ without other Food than from the Trees, or the 
“ Herbs, or what Game they could catch, without 
“ further Provifion than for prefent Hunger, without 
“ any Cloathing or Houfes but dwelt in Rocks or 
“ Caves, or Trees, to be fecure from wild Beafts •, or 
on Tops of Hills, if they were in Fear of fierce 
“ Neighbours. When Mango Copac and his Sifter firft 
came into thefe naked Lands, as they were Perfons 
“ of excellent Shape and Beauty, fo they were adorned 
“ with fuch Cloaths as continued afterwards the ufual 
“ Habit of the Tnca*?,^ by which Name they called 
themfelves. , 
“ They told the People who came firft about them, 
“ that they were the Son and Daughter of the Sun, 
“ and that their Father taking Pity of the miferable 
« Condition of Mankind, had fent them down to 
“ reclaim them from thofe beftial Lives, and to in- 
ftrudf them how to live happily and fafely, by 
“ obferving fuch Laws, Cuftoiiis and Orders as 
“ their Father the Sun had commanded thefe his 
“ Children to teach them. The great Rule they firft 
“ taught, was that every Man Ifiould live according to 
“ Reafon, and confequently not either fay nof do any 
“ Thing to others, that they were not willing 
“ others fhould fay or do to them, becaufe it was 
“ againft all common' Reafon to make one Law for 
“ our felves, and another for other People ; and this 
was the great Principle of all their Morality. In the 
next Place, that they fhould worfhip the Sun, who 
“ took care of the whole World, gave Life to all 
“ Creatofes, and made the Plants grow, and the Herbs 
“ fit for Food to maintain them ; and was fo careful 
“ and fo good as to fpare no Pains of his own, but to 
“ go round the World every Day toinfped and provide 
“ for ail that was upon it, and had fent thefe his two 
“ Children down on purpofe for the Good and Happi- 
“ nefs of Mankind, and to rule them with the fame 
“ Care and Goodnefs that he did the World. 
“ After this, they taught them the Arts moft necef- 
“ fary for Life, as Mango Copac to fow Mayz., or the 
common Indian Grain, at certain Seafons, to pre- 
ferve it againft others ; to build Houfes againft In- 
‘‘ clemencies of Air, and Danger of wild Beafts ; to di- 
ftinguifti themfelves by Wedlock into feveral Families ; 
to cloathe themfelves fo as to cover at leaft the Shame 
‘‘ ofNakednefs; to tame and nourifh fuch Creatures 
“ as might be of common Ufe and Suftenance. Coya 
“ Mama taught the Women to fpin and weave both 
“ Cotton, and certain coarfe Woolls of fome Beafts 
“ amongft them. With thefe Inftruftions and Inven- 
“ tions they were fo much believed in all they faid, and 
adored for what they did and taught of common 
Utility, that they were followed by great Numbers 
of People, obferved and obeyed like Children of the 
“ Sun fent down from Heaven to inftruft and govern 
them. 
“ Mango Copac had in his Hand a Rod of Gold, 
“ about two Foot long and five Inches round. He 
“ faid that his Father the Sun had given it him, and 
“ bid hinij when he travelled Northward from the 
Lake, he fhould, every Time he refted, ftrike this 
“ Wand down into the Ground, and where at the firft 
“ Stroke it fhould go down to the very Top, he fhould 
“ there build a Temple to the Sun, and fix the Seat of 
“ his Government. This fell out to be in the Vale of 
“ Cufco., where he founded that City which was Head 
“ of this great Kingdom of Peru. Here he divided 
his Company into two Colonies or Plantations, and 
called one the High Cufco, and the other the Low, 
and began here to be a Law-giver to thefe People. 
“ In each of thefe were at firft a thoufand Families, 
which he caufed all to be regifter’d, with the Num- 
bers in each. This he did by Strings of feveral Co- 
Vo L. II. N® 143. 
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lours, and Knots of feveral Kinds and Colours upon 
them, by which both Accounts were kept of Things 
and Times, and as much expreffed of their Minds as 
was neceffary in a Government, where neither Letters, 
nor Money, or confequently Difputes or Avarice, 
with their Confequences, ever entered. 
“ He inftituted Decurions through both thefe Colo- 
nies, that is, one over every ten Families, another 
over fifty, a third over a hundred, a fourth over five 
“ hundred, and a fifth over a thoufand ; and to 
this laft they gave the Name of Curaca, or Go- 
vernor. Every Decurion was a Cenfor, a Patron, 
“ and a Judge or Arbiter in fmall Controverfies among 
“ thofe under his Charge. They took care that every 
“ one cloathed themfelves, laboured and lived, accor- 
“ ding to the Orders given them by the TncaH from 
their Father the Sun, among which one was, That 
none who could work fhould be idle, more than to 
reft after Labour^ and that none who could not 
work by Age, Sicknefs, or Invalidity, fhould want, 
but be maintained by the others Pains. Thefe were 
fo rhuch obferved, that in the whole Empire of Peru, 
“ and during the long Race of the Tnca Kings, no 
“ Beggar was ever known ; and no Woman ever fo 
“ much as went to fee her Neighbours but with their 
“ Work in their Hands, which they followed all the 
“ Time the Vifit. lafted. Upon this I remember a 
“ Strain of refin’d Civility among them, which was, 
“ that when any Woman went to fee another of equal 
“ or ordinary Birth, fhe worked at her ownWork in the 
‘‘ other’s Houfe ; but if fhe made a Vifit to any of the 
‘‘ Puna's, which was the Name by which they called all 
“ the Women of the true Royal Blood, as Tnca's was 
“ that of the Men, then they immediately defired the 
“ Palla to give them a Piece of her own Work, and 
“ the Vifit paffed in working for her. 
“ idlenefs fentenced by the Decurions, was punifhed 
“ by fo many Stripes in publick, and the Difgrace was 
“ more fenfible than the Pain. Every Colony had one 
“ fupreme Judge, to whom the lower Decurions remit- 
“ ted great and difficult Cafes, or to whom, in fuch 
“ Cafes, the Criminals appealed. But every Decurion 
‘‘ chat concealed any Crime of thofe under his Charge 
“ above a Night and a Day, became guilty of it, and liable 
“ to the fame Punifhment. There were Laws or Orders 
“ likewife againft Theft, Mutilations, Murders, Dif- 
“ obedience to Officers, and Adulteries, for every 
“ Man was to have one lawful Wife, but had the Li- 
berty of keeping other Women as he could. The 
“ Puniffiment of all Crimes was either corporal Pains 
“ or Death, but commonly the laft, upon thefe two 
" Reafons which they gave ; firft. That all Crimes, 
whether great or fmall, were of the fame Nature, and 
deferved the fame Punifhment, if they were commit- 
‘‘ ted againft the Divine Commands, which were fent 
them down from the Sun : Next that, to puniffi finy 
“ Man in his Poflfeffions or Charges, and leave him 
“ alive, and in Strength and Liberty, was to leave an 
“ ill Man more incenfcd or neceffitated to commit new 
“ Crimes. 
“ On the other Side, they never forfeited the Charge 
or Pofleffions of a Son for his Father’s Offences but 
« the Judges only remonftrated to him the Guilt’ and 
Puniffiment of them for his Warning or Example 
Thefe Orders had fo great Force and Effedl that 
“ many Times a whole Year paffed without the Execu- 
“ tion of one Criminal. There is no Doubt, but that 
“ which contributed much to this great Order in the 
« State, was the Difufe of other Profeffions chan what 
“ were neceffary to Life, and the eminent Virtue of 
« their firft great Hero or Legiflator, which feemed to 
“ have been intailed upon their whole Race in the 
“ Courfe of their Reign : So as in the whole Length of 
" it, it is reported among them, that no true Tnca was 
ever found guilty or puniffied for any Crime. Thus 
particular Qualities have been obferved in old Rome 
“ to be conftant in the fame Families for feveral hun- 
“ dred Years, as Goodnefs, Clemency, Love of the 
" People, in that of the Valerii 5 Haughtinefs, ' Pride, 
^ Cruelty 
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