29 
those about a foot in length, so that it would be difficult to determine 
whether to class the specimens as correae or elongata. That the 
elongate fruits are generally larger need give us no concern, particu- 
larly because correae sometimes bears a fruit as large as the average 
elongata. The fact that the staminate flowers of elongata have not 
usually been found to produce fertile pollen appears to furnish some 
evidence that the evolution has been from correae to elongata, and 
not the reverse. This may be an atavistic development toward some 
hermaphroditic antecedent from which the dioecious papaya has been 
derived. It has been mentioned that cold climate increases fructi- 
fication of the male tree. 
In this connection it will be interesting to note a form observed by 
Correa de Mello and Spruce, 1 and spoken of by them as "the common 
Carica of the equatorial Andes, where it is cultivated up to 9,000 feet 
for the sake of its edible fruit." It is there known as "Chamburu." 
The fruits are described as " 8 or 9 inches long and sometimes nearly 
as broad. The flesh is whitish (not yellow, as in the papaw), soft, 
and with a pleasant flavor — in cool sites sometimes very acid/' 
Andre 2 states that while traveling in the Andes of Ecuador, near the 
Colombian frontier, he found two varieties of papaya which were 
growing in cool territory, and which he cites as examples of the fact 
that "certain varieties of papaya are more hardy than others. " 
'• Two small trees," he continues, "struck my attention in this pretty 
garden. These two varieties I have not seen anywhere else. The 
one has an oblong fruit, very beautiful, cylindrical, mucronate, named 
ChamburoT There can be very little doubt that "Chamburu" of 
Correa de Mello and Spruce, and "Chamburo" of Andre, are identical. 
Anyone familiar with the form to which the name elongata has been 
applied in this bulletin will be impressed at once with its similarity 
with Chamburu or Chamburo in practically every particular in which 
the latter is described. The similarity is so strong as to suggest one 
of two explanations, viz, identity, or that Chamburu represents, in 
the evolution of the papaya, an early form toward which elongata is 
an atavism. Correa de Mello and Spruce state that they are unable 
to identify this with any described species, a fact which is not remark- 
able, if it be the same as elongata, since Carica "papaya has always been 
described from its dioecious or its andromoncecious forms. In their 
descriptions of forms of the papaya and other species of Carica, no 
other form can be found which corresponds to elongata. Elongata 
has the appearance of having been derived from the male through 
correae by an increase in the number of hermaphrodite flowers and 
a shortening of the peduncles, a process which takes place in cool 
climates. It is in this connection also that its possible relation to 
Chamburu of the highlands would be pointed out. 
I Jour. Linn. Soc. [London], Bot., 10 (1869), p. 11. » Rev. Hort. [Paris], 76 (1904), p. 543. 
