9 
orchard or garden. Such plants should not wilt when they are set 
out. 
In planting, holes 2J feet in each dimension should be dug and 
refilled. If the trees are to be planted in a lawn, holes 3 J feet in diame- 
ter will be better. The distances between trees should be about 10 
feet in each direction. Shading is not usually necessary with plants 
hardened in pots, but in a windy locality some protection from exces- 
sive loss of moisture is desirable. At this time, particularly in the 
winter season, precautions should be taken to prevent the destruction 
of the plants by cutworms (see p. 44). 
Recently considerable attention has been given to propagating 
the papaya by asexual means. For some time cuttings from the 
young shoots on the side of the tree have been made to form roots 
under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, but this 
has not been regarded as a practical means for general propagation. 
Prof. P. H. Rolfs was probably the first to apply successfully any 
form of grafting to this species. His method, as reported in a letter 
to Dr. E. V. Wilcox of this station, was inarching, the experiments 
having been conducted when Prof. Rolfs was in charge of the Sub- 
tropical Laboratory of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, at Miami, 
Fla. "The inarching was made by cutting away a considerable por- 
tion of the branch, as well as a considerable portion of the stock. 
The two were then brought together and held firmly in place with 
raffia. In the course of a few weeks the two had made a very good 
union.' ' 
Credit is due to Mr. David Fairchild and Mr. Edward Simmonds 
for having first applied cleft grafting to the papaya. In a recent 
circular * their method is described, which consists in applying scions 
from side shoots to seedlings about two months old, or less. The 
stock is cut off with a horizontal cut, and the usual cleft is made with 
a very sharp knife. 
Both of these methods have been tried at the Hawaii station, and 
successful unions have been effected. It seems not improbable that 
some of these methods of asexual propagation may prove valuable 
in prolonging the existence of superior trees for breeding purposes. 
It is claimed that trees so propagated fruit more quickly than seed- 
lings, which is in accord with the general principle of budded and 
grafted stock. This would be an advantage in subtropical countries 
where a few weeks may make a great difference in the fruiting season. 
TRANSPLANTING LARGE TREES. 
When necessity demands, it is possible to move quite large trees. 
There are reports of trees having been moved when two or three years 
old. The writers have not had occasion to attempt the transplanting 
i U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Circ. 119. 
