21 
san, N. mutabile. Recent botanists, however, separate them into 
the genera Litchi, Euphoria or Dimocarpus, and Nep helium, as indi- 
cated above. The characters upon which this separation is based 
are recorded as follows : * 
Euphoria. Fruit tubercled with rugose, flattened, sometimes indistinct tubercles; 
aril free; embryo straight, radicle at the base of the seed; petals present; sepals 
imbricate: Includes the longan or longyen (E. longana, Lam. Ncphelium lon<j<nm, 
Cambess. See Euphoria). Litchi. Fruit tubercled with angular prominent tuber- 
dee; aril free, embryo straight, radicle at the base of the seed; petals wanting; sepals 
valvate, small: Includes the litchi (Litchi chinensis, Sonn. Ncphelium litchi, Cambess. 
See Litchi). Nephelium. Fruit echinate-muricate, sometimes smooth; aril adnate 
to the seed; embryo curved, the radicle near the apex of the seed; petals wanting, in 
some species present; sepals valvate, small. 
The three species mentioned above may be distinguished by the leaves as follows: 
The longan has usually four pairs (2 to 5) of leaflets, coriaceous, strongly veined, 
acuminate but more or less obtuse at point, 2 to 4 inches or more long; the litchi has 
usually three pairs of leaflets, coriaceous, indistinctly veined, glaucous beneath, 
obtusely acuminate, 2 to 5 inches long; the rambutan has usually two to three or more 
pairs of leaflets, chartaceous, strongly veined, often obtuse, 3£ to 7 inches long; the 
midrib is somewhat raised above, impressed in the two preceding species. 
Other related species of Sapindacese might be mentioned, but only 
those have been included which are rather common in the Orient and 
which are so closely related to the litchi as formerly to have been 
placed in the same genus. There is a considerable number of species 
suitable for the experimental use of plant propagators and for the 
work of plant breeders. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 
It is desired to express appreciation here of the kind assistance 
rendered by several gentlemen who have long cultivated the litchi 
in Hawaii, including Messrs. Ching Shai, C. K. Ai ; Wong Leong, and 
others. Much valuable information concerning the litchi in foreign 
countries has been received through correspondence with many bota- 
nists and horticulturists, among whom should be mentioned especially 
Messrs. G. Weidman Groff, of Canton Christian College, China; A. C. 
Hartless, superintendent, Government Botanical Gardens, Saharan- 
pur, India; G. T. Lane, curator, Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta; 
and G. S. Varma, garden overseer, Lahore, India. To all of these 
and others this opportunity is taken to express thanks. 
1 Bailey, L. U. Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, New York, 1910, vol. 4, p. 2131. 
