16 
has been found in litchi fruit about three-fourths grown, with only 
a slight brown point as external evidence of the presence of the 
insect. The larva lies embedded in the flesh, apparently not affecting 
the seed, though it is not certain that the seed of infested fruit will 
reach maturity. As the larva develops within the fruit the latter 
splits open and becomes worthless. .No experiments have been com r 
pleted to determine methods for the control of this pest, but from 
the nature of the attack it appears that arsenicals probably would be 
effective, arsenate of lead being perhaps the most promising. 
A root-inhabiting mealy bug, apparently a species of Pseudococcus, 
has been found doing considerable damage to plants undergoing the 
process of layering. These insects were found in large numbers on 
the callus formed where the branch had been girdled to cause the 
formation of roots. In a number of cases no roots were produced, 
apparently because of the heavy demands of the insects upon the 
supplies of material at this point. Where the presence of these 
insects is suspected, the soil should be removed from the callus and 
the insects destroyed, either with a solution of some contact poison, 
as the oil emulsions, or a very small amount of carbon bisulphid 
placed in the soil at some distance from the callus. If placed in the 
soil an'd covered, carbon bisulphid, which is quite volatile, will pene- 
trate to all parts if the soil is not excessively wet. If the liquid comes 
in immediate contact with plant tissues it destroys them. 
The hemispherical scale (Saissetia JiemispJterica) occasionally 
infests weak litchi trees. This is a waxy, soft scale, brown to dark 
brown in color, and a well-known pest of several kinds of tropical 
fruit trees. Partly held in check by natural enemies, it is not diffi- 
cult to control with contact poisons such as the oil emulsions. 
The Japanese beetle (Adoretus tenuimaculatus) has been known to 
attack very young litchi trees, but it can hardly be considered an 
ordinary pest of this plant. Vigorous trees usually are not infested, 
and sufficient protection during the critical period is afforded by 
arsenical sprays, such as arsenate of lead. The natural enemies of 
the beetle should also be encouraged. 
The larvae of a moth (ArcJiips postvittanus) occasionally cause some 
injury to the foliage and the flowers. The habit of this insect in its 
attack upon the litchi, as well as upon the avocado and several 
other fruit trees and shrubs, is to sew together the edges of the 
leaves so as to make a convenient hiding place from which it can go 
out to feed. It may also weave a web about the flowers and destroy 
them. An arsenate of lead paste, containing 15 to 16 per cent of 
arsenic oxid and used in the proportion of 8 pounds to 100 gallons 
of water, will control these larvas effectively when they appear in 
any considerable numbers. 
