40 BULLETIN 48, HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
Other features — Continued. 
All pigs constantly receive attention. 
Boars are castrated when they are 6 weeks old. 
Cleanliness instead of vaccination is the precaution taken against dis- 
ease. 
All pigs are given a feeding of bran mash once a week. 
Boars and overfat sows or difficult breeders are forced to exercise. 
All pigs are daily inspected for sickness. 
Experimental feeding is carried on. 
Results of this management. — 
The Kamehameha schools have a swine herd second to none in Hawaii. 
Splendid individuals are developed for sale as breeding stock. 
Market hogs weighing 200 pounds are produced in from 7 to 8 months at 
a profit of approximately $20 per hog. 
OTHER RANCHES. 
At the Haleakala and Harold Rice ranches on Maui extensive 
swine herds are pastured on Bermuda (Manienie) grass, with which 
the common prickly pear is freely mixed. Such pastures, especially 
during the prickly pear 
g 09 s<* season, make cheap and ex- 
^^^^ """""^^^o cellent maintenance feeds. 
&y^ Since the prickly pear is 
so commonly found in Ha- 
waii, the following data 
may be of interest in con- 
nection with its use in the 
swine ration : 
In a series of tests con- 
ducted in California with 
slabs of Burbank spineless 
cactus, 8 pigs ranging from 
35 to 80 pounds each were 
fed 20 to 30 pounds of the 
cactus daily for 22 days. 
At the end of the ex- 
periment the hogs showed 
a net gain of 118 pounds, 
or an average daily gain 
of two-thirds pound each. 
When used to a limited 
extent at the Haiku substation, fresh shredded spineless cactus made 
a valuable srreen feed for swine. 
Fig. 24. — Approximate distribution of cost in swine 
production at the Haiku substation. 
SOME FACTORS GOVERNING SUCCESSFUL SWINE PRODUCTION. 
Eaising farm feeds economically and attending to details of 
management personally are the essential factors governing success- 
ful swine production. " The outstanding item of expense is the feed 
and the second largest item is the labor employed. The greatest 
saving, and therefore the greatest profit, can be had only by exer- 
cising care in feeding and bv the employment of efficient labor. 
(Fig. 24.) 
Up-to-date business methods should be practiced regardless of 
whether the stock is to be sold on the market or kept for breeding 
purposes. 
