38 BULLETIN 48, HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
that it would be impossible to say whether pure breds or grades make the 
more economical gains. 
Each sow averages one and one-half litters per annum, but only about four 
pigs per sow are actually raised and sold. This is a very low average, and is 
due to nodular skin disease, which carries off fully 40 per cent of the pigs per 
annum. The pigs are weaned when they are 2 to 3 months old, depending upon 
weather conditions and their health. All pigs have the run of pastures during 
some period of their lives, but are trough-fed when beans are out of season. 
Cooked feed consists of sweet potatoes and potato tops, carcasses which are 
brought in from the ranch pasture, and rice bran, or barley. After being placed 
in a steaming vat for 4 hours the cooked stuff is fed mostly to sows with 
litters. No cooked feed is given to fattening sows. 
PUAKO RANCH. 
The swine department of Puako ranch, on the west coast of 
Hawaii, is managed with a minimum outlay of labor and equipment. 
Throughout the greater part of the year the hogs have the run of 
an extensive algaroba forest reaching to the sea, and they are fed 
from racks as much green alfalfa as they can consume. When 
algaroba pods are out of season the animals are fed beans from 
self-feeders. 
KAMEHAMEHA MANUAL SCHOOL. 
An early attempt was made at the Kamehameha schools to interest 
Hawaiian youth in swine raising. (Figs. 22 and 23.) These schools 
Fig. 22. — Group of grade pigs, Kamehameha School, 1905. Only pure-bred Berkshires 
now at school. 
now maintain fine pure-bred herds of swine and conduct valuable 
feeding experiments. In 1905 they conducted a feeding test with 
swine to demonstrate that algaroba beans have the same value as 
bran and barley as a fattening ration and can be used at half the 
cost of the imported concentrated feed. By the use of garden and 
kitchen waste in the ration, the cost of each pound of gain was 
further reduced. 
