SWINE RAISING IN HAWAII. 29 
Each of the one-fifth-acre lots was planted in some desirable 
forage crop, and a definite system of crop rotation was planned and 
adhered to. Legumes, root crops, and nonleguminous crops were 
alternated except in instances where crops ratooned or sent up vol- 
unteers. In such instances the same crop was allowed to repeat itself. 
Two or three weeks before farrowing time each sow was placed in 
one of the fresh lots in crop. Just before the animal was placed 
in her new quarters, a square rod of the crop was harvested and 
weighed to determine the approximate amount of green forage it 
contained. A portable hog cot having a built-in self-feeder was 
then placed in the lot and the sow was weighed. Excessively fat 
sows were not given grain or milled feed in addition to pasturage 
but they had access to mineral matter consisting of 10 parts of wood 
ashes, 5 parts of hydrated lime, 5 parts of finely ground phosphate 
rock, 3 parts of fine common salt, and 2 parts of finely ground cop- 
peras (iron sulphate). These ingredients after being thoroughly 
mixed were placed in a compartment of the self-feeder. Charcoal 
made an excellent supplement to this mixture. It may be added to 
form up to half of the total volume. 
Sows which were in good flesh and about to farrow were placed 
in a fresh paddock containing good succulent crops and given a 
light grain-meal mixture amounting to about 1 pound per day for 
each 150 pounds of hog. When the animals were placed in good 
cowpea pasture that was heavily seeded, they were not given any 
concentrated feed. Brood sows which were in medium flesh were 
fed a medium grain-meal ration amounting to 2 and 2-| pounds 
per day for each 100 pounds of hog, and thin sows were given 
free access to the self-feeder to consume 3 to 4 pounds of grain 
meal daily per 100 pounds of hog in addition to the pasturage. 
Under the latter conditions sows gained over 1^ pounds per day and 
were able to maintain their increased weight for a reasonable period 
after farrowing. When the litters were 6 to 8 weeks old, these 
sows lost in flesh, but only in very few instances did they become 
excessively thin. At weaning time either the sow or her young 
were removed to another one-fifth acre paddock, or to one of the 
l|-acre fields, depending upon the condition of the animals and 
of the pasture. 
The feeding capacity of any field or paddock is dependent upon 
its yield and upon the skill with which it is fed to the animals. Al- 
though many of the forage crops will barely maintain an animal 
in fair condition, hogs at the Haiku substation gained from one- 
fourth to one-half pound daily when they were pastured or soiled 
on the best forage crops without the use of supplementary feeds. 
Swine that were allowed to run on good pasturage and fed in 
addition light, medium, or full rations of grain daily gained from 
1 to If pounds. In most of the feeding trials animals pasturing 
on green feeds made better gains than did those on soilage. Pastur- 
ing was also more economical than soiling because it involved a 
smaller amount of labor. Rapid, if not very economical, gains were 
usually obtained through feeding full grain meal rations from a self- 
feeder, but the cheapest gains were often made on a light to medium 
supplementary grain ration. In the latter instance the hogs ate a 
large proportion of the relatively cheaper forage. 
