26 BULLETIN 48, HAWAII AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIOX. 
Small numbers need only a rubbing post. Occasional spraying with 
a solution composed of equal parts of kerosene and crude oil is effec- 
tive for lice control. Another remedy is to float a. thin film of oil 
over the hog wallows. 
MANGE. 
Scabies, or mange, in hogs is caused by small parasitic mites which 
live in the skin. It is characterized by wounds or lesions in the skin 
and bv small cone-shaped swellings. The animal scratches or rubs 
the affected parts until the surface becomes raw. Scabs then form 
and the affected areas become leather-like and fall into wrinkles or 
folds. When the swine are mangy the yards and runways should 
be thoroughly disinfected and provided with rubbing posts which 
are covered with heavy cloth sacking saturated with crude oil. A 
rather expensive method of eradicating mange is by the use of a 
sulphur ointment. 
WORMS. 
The intestines of young pigs are frequently infested with worms. 
Pigs thus affected act in much the same way as they do when suffering 
from cholera, the only difference being that in the former case there is 
no fever and the ailment is confined to young animals only. Worm 
eggs and embryos are taken into the S} T stem in contaminated drinking 
water or food that is picked up in foul yards. All insanitary con- 
ditions should be removed, including the excreta of infected hogs, 
and the yards should be disinfected or else not used again by hogs 
for a year. The feeding of santonin and calomel (5 grains of each 
for every shote weighing from 50 to 75 pounds) with the ration is 
often effective in eradicating worms. In stubborn cases at the Haiku 
substation santonin and calomel were used or standard worm cap- 
sules were administered by means of a balling gun. 
While the use of proprietary conditioners is not. recommended, they 
occasionally give good results when added to a mixture of wood 
ashes, hydrated lime, finally ground phosphate rock, fine common 
salt, and finely ground copperas (iron sulphate). These ingredients 
should be thoroughly mixed and kept in a compartment of the self- 
feeder. An animal in good condition will be better able to resist 
attacks of worms than will one in poor condition. Worms impair 
the general health of swine, especially of young animals. 
FEEDING EXPERIMENTS AND PRACTICES AT THE HAIKU SUB- 
STATION. 
Two distinct series of feeding experiments and systems of swine 
management were conducted at the New Era homestead farm in con- 
junction with the Haiku substation during the period 1916-19*20. in- 
clusive. 
The first series had for its object (1) the determination of the prac- 
ticability of raising and fattening swine on pasturage ranging from 
one-tenth to one acre in maximum area; and (2) the determination 
of the palatability and relative feeding value of the various Hawaiian 
grown forage crops when they were pastured by, or fed as soiling 
crops to. swine, both with and without supplementary grains and 
other concentrates. From the data obtained it has been learned what 
amounts of pork may reasonably be produced per animal per acre 
