24 BULLETIN 48, HAWAII AGK [CULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIOX. 
there is weakness, fever, and a cough. The animals should be pro- 
vided with clean, warm, airy, dry quarters and given a well-balanced 
ration containing plenty of protein constituents. Annoying the 
animals by giving them medicine in this disease usually does more 
harm than the medicine does good. 
RHEUMATISM. 
Rheumatism is characterized by lameness and swollen joints. The 
disorder is prevalent where stable and yard conditions are poor and 
the animals do not get proper exercise. They should be changed to 
sanitary quarters and fed on sour milk. Fifteen grains of sodium 
salicylate to every 100 pounds of hog should be administered in the 
ration once a day. 
RICKETS. 
Rickets is characterized by large joints and bones, crooked limbs, 
and a general unthrifty appearance. The disease is directly trace- 
able to lack of bone-forming ingredients in the ration of the pregnant 
sow and young pigs. Bone meal and phosphate of lime should be 
added to the ration and sanitary quarters should be provided for 
the animals. If possible, provision should be made so that the pigs 
can get plenty of exercise and have facilities for pasturing. 
INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA. 
Infectious diarrhea occurs largely among young pigs and is 
accompanied by intestinal ulcerations. Pigs so affected are inclined 
to develop pneumonia. The disease is caused by an organism of the 
colon-typhoid group which is introduced into the system with food 
or drinking water. Foul yards and pens are responsible for its 
occurrence among swine. When it does occur, all pigs and pregnant 
sows should be removed to new ground and segregated into small 
groups. The use of concrete feeding troughs, which permit of 
thorough cleansing, is very effective in preventing infectious 
diarrhea. 
TUBERCULOSIS. 
Tuberculosis in swine is usually contracted from tuberculous 
cattle. There are no easily diagnosed symptoms of the presence of 
the disease. In the advanced stage, intestinal tuberculous swine 
suffer from disturbance of the digestive tract and sometimes from 
constipation or diarrhea. When affected with tuberculosis of the 
lungs, the animal has a persistent, harsh, dry cough and experiences 
some difficulty in breathing, especially after exercising. The 
lymphatic glands are considerably enlarged and the animal presents 
a general unthrifty appearance. A qualified veterinarian should 
test the animals with tuberculin to determine which are free from 
the disease. Reactors should be disposed of and tuberculosis 
eradicated from the herd with which the animals associated. The 
premises should immediately be cleaned and disinfected. 
CONSTIPATION. 
Constipation in hogs may be due, among other things, to lack 
of exercise and to the eating of too much dry feed or roughage. 
It can be corrected by making the animals take plenty of exercise 
