10 
BULLETIN 62, HAWAII EXPERIMENT STATION 
This is a brownish-red acid mountain soil of medium humus content, 
high in inorganic colloids, and low in hygroscopic and capillary 
moisture-holding capacity. This soil has a specific gravity of 3.36— 
the highest on record at the station laboratory. The soil has been 
under cultivation for some time, having been planted with diver- 
sified crops. 
Soil No. 49 is a clay and the subsoil of soil No. 48, taken at a 
depth of 24 inches. It has a high moisture-holding capacity and 
low organic-matter content. 
Soil No. 56 is a clay from the Haiku district, Maui, Kaupakalua 
section of the Haiku Pineapple Co. The soil is typical of the pine- 
apple soils of this district. It is a light-brown acid surface soil of 
good fertility notwithstanding the fact that the clay fraction is very 
high. It has a specific gravity of 3.24. 
Figure 5. — Soil formation in situ. Large, exposed bowlder undergoing decomposi- 
tion. Note stratification (soils Nos. 65 and 60) in central part of bowlder 
Soil No. 57 is a clay and the subsoil of soil No. 56, taken at a depth 
of 20 inches. In all characteristics it is similar to soil No. 56. 
Soil No. 65 is a clay from the side of an exposed bank at the end 
of Honokohau Gulch, Maui, near the sea, at an elevation of 100 feet. 
This is a yellow, inorganic, very colloidal subsoil of considerable 
depth resulting from the decomposition of the parent rock in situ. 
The soil appears as a clearly defined stratum and is conspicuously 
visible from a long distance. The width of the stratum is only about 
2 feet. The soil is low in organic matter and is slightly alkaline in 
reaction, indicating an accumulation of basic elements. Weathering 
takes place under very hot and dry conditions. In moisture-holding 
capacity the soil is high. 
Soil No. 66 is a clay from the same exposed bank at the end of 
Honokohau Gulch, Maui, from which soil No. 65 was taken. This 
subsoil, many feet deep and of red color, covers soil No. 65 as a 
separate and clearly defined layer. In physical characteristics, ex- 
cept color, it is similar to soil No. 65. Both soils are extremely 
colloidal in nature. (Fig. 5.) 
