86 
W. Hoey — Identification of Kusinara, Vaisali, [No. 1, 
There has not been much reliable result obtained yet by attempts 
to identify the places between Benares and Pataliputra. We have to 
find the kingdom of Chen-Chu, ‘ lord of battles.’ General Cunning- 
ham’s endeavour to make Gliazipur the equivalent of Chen-Chu. is 
strained and unfortunately, 1 fear, does not rest on any solid fact. The 
form locally given of the ancient name is not, I understand, Garjapur 
but Gaclhipur. The General might as well have said that ‘ Ghazi ’ is 
equivalent to ‘ lord of battles.’ The name of the kingdom or, may it not 
be, of its ruler, is translated into Chinese as Chen-Chu. Its capital 
was on the banks of the Ganges. This is, unfortunately, not a certain 
key to the place in modern times. A careful examination of local 
traditions in connection with existing ruins and names may lead to 
identifications. 
I may illustrate the value of tradition by quoting a very curious 
history handed down of a kingdom which may be that referred to by 
the Traveller. There was a king somewhere who had a daughter 
called Kanchavi for whom he could not get a husband. His pandits 
told him that it was written in her destiny that she should marry a 
man of low caste. He asked who this might be and they said he was a 
certain servant in the king’s retinue who was a Pi^van. A Pi 9 van is 
explained in the story as being a Cheru and the Cherus are said to be 
represented now by the Dusadhs. The king resolved to send this 
servant to the end of the earth. He therefore wrote a letter and call- 
ing him up told him that Ramacandra had been born and that he 
must take this letter, an invitatini to Kanchavi’s wedding and find 
Ramacandra and hand him the letter. He warned him further that, 
if he returned without delivering the letter, he would be sawn in two. 
The servant set out and endured great privations and hardships, 
wandering here and there from place to place, until he met a venerable 
man in a jungle, who was in reality Ramacandra and who asked him 
who he was and where he was going. The king’s messenger then told 
him all about his mission and the letter which he carried. Rama- 
candra informed him that he was a cela or follower of the person 
sought and he would accept the letter for him. The messenger 
delivered the invitation which Ramacandra read and said : ‘ Go 
back, I have accepted the invitation. It is you who will marry 
the girl.’ The Pi 9 van now turned homeward and as he was passing 
through the Waina forest he heard a voice calling out ; ‘ Who 
are you ? ’ but he could see no one. He heard the question repeated 
again and again and at length replied : “ Who are you that I hear 
calling while I see no one ? ” The answer came : “ I am a tree 
that bears no fruit and I am sad because other trees have fruit while I 
