89 
1900.] T. Blocli — Copper-plate Inscription of Jayddityndeva II. 
huge pipal ti-ee Some sculptured remains have been found here, and 
taken to the monastic cell of a gosliain who lives North of the lake. 
Pachgawan, wliich is south-west of the lake, is a very old place, from 
which people have recovered grindstones of antique pattern. I tliink 
there must be something of importance in the word Gurmlia, because 
the name Gurmhi occurs as that of tlie small tappa in which Sohgaura, 
and Tikar, where I recovered the Indo-Pali Copper-plate, are situated. 
Bharnhia lies we-st of Tighia near Peppeganj railway station. Here 
there is a very ancient temple which has been restored, or repaired, 
and in one wall of it there is a stone containing a Sanscrit inscription. 
The temple is called Pitesar Nath. The proper form of the name 
occurs in the inscription. There was another ancient building in ruins 
oast of Bharuhia called Nakta Dei, which some Tharus overturned 
about 60 years ago, when they came in a body and searched for treasure. 
There are other places which might repay examination, for instance 
Gangpar and Khatapai* near Bharuhia dnd Tighra. West of this there 
is a series of almost continuous village sites : Bamghat, Pallia, Pachwara, 
Dihwa and Ramwapur, in each of which there are ruins. They seem to 
be a connected block, as though they were the site of one continuous 
city. 
In order, if possible, to discover what was the Vijayapura referred 
to in the copper-plate, I made enquiries as to old sites in this neighbour- 
hood, and I came to find that tliere are round about Gorakhpur the 
following remains of ancient fortified posts, which it may be as well to 
record. (1) Shergarh west of the Rapti and of Gorakhpur much cut 
away by the river. (2) Ramgarh which gives its name to a large lake 
east of Gorakhpur city. (3) Sumergarh north of Bhathat about 13' 
miles north of Goi-akhpur. (4) Bheriagarh north-east of Gorakhpur city. 
(5) Baitalgarh on some high ground near the road leading from 
Gorakhpur to Pipraich. (6) Marwargarh near the shrine of Tarkulha 
Devi two miles north-east of Mirzapur village. (7) Knwalgarh at 
Kawaldah in the immediate north of Gorakhpur city. (8) Vomangarh 
on the Rapti, west of Gorakhpur city. (9) Bijaigarh known as Kotiya, 
standing in the big sheet of water west of the now ruined Mahesra 
bridge south of Maniram railway station. 
There is a tradition of two kingdoms Bijaipur and. Udaipur. A 
line drawn from Padrauna westward to the Rapti would about indi- 
cate the parting line. North of it lay Udaipur and south of it Bijai- 
pur. I am not inclined to say that all the nine forts enumerated were 
simultaneously existent as fortified posts of the Bijaipur kingdom. 
Local traditions show that this could not have been so ; but the existence 
of so many of these ancient strongholds, round about the junction of 
J. I. 12 
