42 
of two centuries ago turned out to be simply the remains 
of a Salamander. The Labyrinthodont, Trematosaurus, of 
which there are some good originals from the Bunter Sandstone 
of Germany, and Archegosaurus, a still older (Lower 
Permian) Amphibian. 
Coloured drawings of restorations of extinct animals are 
mounted above these cases. 
Fishes. 
From a very complete series of these remains the following 
may be selected as of especial interest. The jawless fishes 
(Agnatha), as Bothriolepis, show the primitive armoured 
body having anterior jointed swimming appendages. Palaeo- 
spondylus is a small forerunner of the modern Lamprey. 
These fossils measure a little more than an inch in length 
and are found in the bituminous sandstone of Caithness. 
Fig. 43. A Primitive Lamprey-like Fish — 
P ala eos pond ylus gunni Traquair. 
From the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness, 
Scotland. 
The Dipnoi (“ double-breathers ”). to which the modern 
lung-fishes belong, were much in evidence as far back as 
Devonian times (Phaneropleuron). Phlyctaenaspis 
is a Coccostean (“ berry-bone fish ”) which occurs in the 
Buchan limestone, and here well shown by Scottish specimens. 
