BRITISH JUNGERMANNIyE. 
( J- bicuspidata.J 
extremity, in which case the apex itself supports a cluster of Gemma; (f. ll) collected 
into a spherical mass* of a pale yellow color. These in a few weeks dissolve and 
disappear. Under a high magnifying power each particle (f. 12) appears semi- 
transparent, very irregular in its figure, and always more or less angular. These 
gemmae, which Schmidel has represented less angular than I have ever observed 
them to be, are regarded by that author as the male fructification. 
My Var. (3 (f. 13) is perhaps scarcely worthy of being noticed as a distinct variety. I found 
it lengthened out and much exceeding its usual size among Sphagna. Tire greater 
number of leaves had the segments divaricating (f. 14) in a manner that appealed 
rather to arise from accident than to be the natural growth of the plant. In specimens 
of this kind I remarked gemmae, loosely collected together in the axillae of the terminal 
leaves, which precisely corresponded with those just described as forming a globule 
at the extremity of the surculus. 
Few species of Jungermannia are more generally diffused throughout the temperate parts 
of Europe, than the present. It may be seen in almost every wood, as well as on every 
moist hedge-bank and damp heath. In the latter situation, especially, its whitish scariose 
calyces, which are so plentifully produced, may be found" at almost all seasons of the year. 
Its size and color, as well as the situation of the calyces, will prevent its being confounded 
with J. byssacea, and there is no other species that I am acquainted with for which it can 
at any period of its growth be mistaken. I have had occasion to observe, while describing 
another species (J. setaceaj, that the Dillenian figure (Hist. Muse. t. 69. f. 4. a. b.) was pio- 
bably intended for this plant, though subsequently taken up by Hudson and Linnaeus as a 
new one, under the name of multiflora ; and I am happy to add in confirmation of this 
opinion that of Schmidel, who considers it to be the same as a variety which he had discovered 
“ in quo surculi satis longi foliis alternis instructi fuerunt, quorum foliorum forma admodum 
angusta, et incisurae adeo parum conspicuae, vel adeo propinquae, ut pro indivisis primo intuitu 
potuerint haberi: curatissimb vero considerata, et versus inferiora verb bifida folia, et ejusdem 
indolis ut heec species habere solet.” It may not be improper here to repeat that neither the 
J. multiflora of Linnaeus (J. setacea of this work) nor J. bicuspidata, in the least accord with 
the original specimen in the herbarium at Oxford, which is J. conmvens. I he figure, how- 
ever, is accurately copied from the Dillenian drawing, in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks. 
The following observation from so accurate an investigator as Schmidel is too important 
to be omitted, and, as I have not had the opportunity of confirming the existence of what 
* Gemmre, collected into a similar mass, and in like manner situated upon the extremity of the surcuh, are 
found upon Jungermannia Trichomanis. From this circumstance I imagine Dr. Roth has been led into an error 
in quoting as synonyms of this species the figures and descriptions of Micheh, p. 8. t. 5. f. 14. and fl.il. p. -3,. 
t. 31. f 6. which evidently belong to J. Trichomanis, though the calyx represented by Micheh bears no 
resemblance to that of either of the plants in question. 
