BRITISH JUNGERMANNIiE. 
( J. spinulosct. ) 
JUNGERMANNIA SPINULOSA. 
(TAB. XIV.) 
Jungermannia, surculo erecto, ramoso: foliis obovatis, recurvatis, hinc margine apiceque 
dentato-spinulosis : fructu laterali, axillarique ; calycibus subrotundis, compressis ; ore truncato 
ciliato. 
Jungermannia spinulosa. Dicks. Crypt. Fasc. n. p. 14. With. iii. p. 856. Linn. Syst. 
Nat. ed. Gmel. 11 . p. 1349. 
Jungermannia serrata. Roth, Cat. Bot. i. p. 144. 
Lichenastrum pinnulis alternis, quasi spinosis. Dill. Muse. p. 489. t. 70. /. 16. (excl. 
syn. Micn.J 
Lichenastrum ramosius, foliis trifidis. Dill. Muse. p. 489. t. 70. /. 15. 
Q. tridenticulata, foliis minoribus, paucioribus, apicibus trispinosis. 
Jungermannia tridenticulata. Michaux, Bor. Am. ii. p. 278. 
Hab. Wales. Dillenius. — On the Scotch Alps. Mr. Dickson. — Not uncommon in the 
mountainous parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland. — /3. Mountains near Ban try. 
Miss Hutchins. — Cunnamara. Mr. Mackay. — (The Calyces are, according to Miss 
Hutchins, to be found at all seasons of the year.) 
This Plant grows in densely-crowded tufts or patches, of several inches in diameter. 
Surculi varying in length from two to five inches, erect, flexuose, rarely simple, for 
the most part beset with a few scattered, short branches, sub-patent, and again 
divided, both the main and secondary branches throwing out annual innovations. 
The texture of the surculi is firm and compact; when dry, rigid and brittle; the 
color in the younger plants, and in the shoots, a dull yellow-green; in the older ones 
it varies from a yellowish to a reddish-brown. 
Leaves (f. 4) a line long, distantly placed in the lower parts of the surculi, at the 
extremity more generally crowded: in shape t hey are obovate, having, however, as in 
J. asplenioides, a very decurrent and semi-amplexicaul base; the extremity is more 
