( J. spinulosa. ) BRITISH JUNGERMANNLE. 
or less bent back, especially in the young shoots, and, in a dry state, so much so 
that they often meet behind ; the margins too are revolute : of these the lower or 
anterior one is entire; the apex and upper or posterior margin is cut into many 
spiniform teeth, which are of unequal sizes, but all very conspicuous to the naked 
eye. The color of the leaf is a pale yellow-green, inclining to brown, tinged with 
red at the point of insertion: after having been kept some time in the herbarium 
the whole plant becomes a pale brown. The texture of the leaves is very compact, 
brittle when dry: the reticulated appearance (f. 7) is here very obscure, the cellules 
being small, ovate, and distantly placed, requiring a very high power of the micro- 
scope to distinguish them accurately. 
The perichcetial leaves do not, in the least, differ from the rest. 
Male Fructification unknown. 
Female Fructification lateral upon the surculi, and frequently arising from the axillae of 
the branches. I have never seen it absolutely terminal. 
Calyx (f. f. 5. 6) a line or rather more in length, roundish at the base, and swelling 
out a little; at the upper end compressed: the mouth is truncate, and dentato- 
* spinulose; the opening, as in the last species, extends a little way down on one 
side of the calyx. 
Barren pistilla (f. 8) eight or ten in number, situated at the bottom of the calyx, 
linear, of a greyish color, with longitudinal reddish streaks: the mouth is a little 
expanded. I have not seen the fructification, at present, in a more advanced state. 
Far. ft. (f. f. 9. 10) which has a most elegant appearance, scarcely exceeds an inch in length. 
The leaves are throughout very remotely placed, and at the upper extremity are cut some- 
times into two, but more generally into three, large and acute teeth. 
It is a little remarkable that J. spinulosa, which is not only an inhabitant of the alpine 
regions of Great Britain but of North America, and, as it appears, also, of Surinam *, should 
be unnoticed by every author on the Continent of Europe. Widely, however, as the plant itself 
is diffused, no part of the fructification had been known in any country, till Miss Hutchins 
found specimens in Ireland producing calyces in profusion. The greater part of these were 
old, and entirely empty: others had barren pistilla, but none had the fructification farther 
advanced. Calyces in the same state I have also found in Scotland. 
According to the Dillenian herbarium, the two plants above quoted from the Historia 
Muscorum belong undoubtedly to the same species, not affording even sufficient marks to be 
considered as varieties of each other. The “ Lichenastrum ramosius, foliis trijidis” might, 
indeed, from the description of Dillenius, be supposed to be the same as my Far. jo; but. 
* Dr. Roth found his specimens upon some pieces of the bark of Quassia amara. 
