( J . scalaris. I 
BRITISH JUNGERMANNI^. 
Perichcetial leaves larger than the cauline, emarginate and waved, united together for one- 
third of their length from the base, so as to form a hollowed receptacle, which may almost 
be considered an exterior calyx (f. f. 10. 11. 13. 14). 
Male Fructification. 
Anthers (f. 6) of a spherical shape, reticulated, pedicellate : two or three are placed in the 
axilla of each perigonial leaf. 
Female Fructification always terminal. 
Calyx (f. f. 13. 14) ovate, closely attached, by its external surface, to the interior surface of 
the tube or hollowed receptacle, formed by the perichmtial leaves, the extremity alone or 
mouth being free; this is cut into four large and equal-sized teeth or wide segments, 
which scarcely rise above the pericheetium. The texture is more delicate than the leaves: 
the color a pale and dirty brown. 
German ovate (f. 13), dark green, surmounted by a short, tubular style. 
Calyplra ovate, membranous, reticulated. 
Peduncle from a quarter to half an inch, or upwards, in length, white, pellucid, striated 
both transversely and longitudinally. 
Capsule between roundish and ovate, dark brown, deeply furrowed longitudinally from the 
apex to the base, and these furrows connected by transverse ones : it opens into four equal 
ovate valves. 
Seeds and spiral filaments (f. 16) of a dark brown or chocolate color: the former spherical; 
the latter composed of a double helix. 
Obs. Xo Gemma, that I am aware of, have yet been found on this species; but its leaves, like 
those of J. Taylori, produce a minute, black, hispid, nearly spherical fungus, attached usually 
to the upper surface of the leaf, and sometimes to the margin. This, when broken, gives 
out a semi-transparent pulpy substance, among which I can discover no traces whatever of 
seeds or granules. (See f. f. 4. 10. 17. 18. 19.) 
The present species, although among the most common that this country affords, appears 
nevertheless to be little known, and is no where, that I can find, described with the accuracy 
which the curious structure of the calyx richly deserves. It has, indeed, a considerable affinity in 
the form of its leaves in general, to J. Taylori, as well as to J. pumila, J. spluerocarpa , J. hyalina 
J - lanceolala ’ J- crenulata. From the first of these, it may be known by its much smaller size’ 
and more compactly cellular texture; from the rest, by the presence of the stipules; and, from 
the whole, by the immersed calyx, in which particular it approaches J. emarginata, J.juniperina 
and a few more, which are, in other respects, abundantly distinct. 
Schmidel l appears to be the earliest author who has described a Jungermannia under the name 
o sea a, IS ut 1 have little hesitation in pronouncing his plant, as well from the figure, as from 
ns own account of it, to be no more than the gemmiferous state of J. Trichomanis, as is, indeed 
the case with the J. scalaris of most other authors. Specimens, however, from Schrader himself’ 
