( J. barbala.J 
BRITISH JUNGERMANNI/E. 
Hab. Subalpine countries upon rocks, in woods and heathy places, abundant, bar. (3 
was discovered by the Rev. R. B. Francis, growing among Dicranum glaucum, in Bolt wood, 
and has since been found by Miss Hutchins so imbedded among mosses and tufts of 
J. nemorosa, that only the tops of the shoots appear. Dr. Taylor likewise finds it near 
Dublin, and Mr. Lyell at Kinnordy. — (The male fructification exists throughout the year: 
the female, which is far less common, is produced in the spring months). 
Plant growing in more or less densely-crowded patches, and of various dimensions. 
Roots abundant, and often clothing the whole under side of the stem, consisting of minute, 
simple, brownish fibres. 
Stems from one to two, or three inches long, never, I believe, really branched, but here and 
there producing simple innovations, which have sometimes the appearance of divided stems ; 
flexuose, filiform, cellulose, of a greenish color, inclining to brown in older specimens. 
Leaves varying much in the closeness of their position : sometimes they are densely 
imbricated; at other times, distantly placed; half a line long, distichous, alternate, 
patent or erect, of a subquadrate figure, slightly decurrent at the base, at the extremity 
divided into generally three, but sometimes only two, or often four, large, triangular 
teeth; not always, indeed, of equal sizes, for the inferior one (which is nearest the base 
of the plant) is usually the smallest, and frequently incurved, or even conduplicate, while 
the rest are expanded : they are entire, mostly acute and diaphanous at the apex (f. 9) ; 
sometimes acuminate, or even spiniform, and sometimes, especially in the var. (3, obtuse. 
Besides these large teeth or segments, there is a very minute one situated at the base of 
the upper margin of the leaf, near its insertion on the stem (f. f. 10. 11. 13). The color, 
too, is remarkably variable, depending much on the more or less exposed place of growth 
of the individuals. Most usually it is a pale, sometimes a bluish, green. In var. (3, brownish. 
The cellules (f. 11) are somewhat of a roundish form. 
Of the stipules there is one to each pair of leaves, which varies considerably in size upon 
different specimens. It is always of a widely lanceolate figure, divided for more than 
three-fourths of the way into two narrow acuminate segments, which, on their margins, 
are again cut into variously-sized teeth or laciniae. In texture and color it resembles 
the leaves. 
The perigonial leaves (f. f. 4. 6) are crowded together at the extremity of a stem, and 
scarcely differ from the common cauline ones, except in being more convex, and in 
having a swollen or ventricose base. 
Of the perichcetial ones, three or four surround the base of the calyx : their figure is 
subrotund, concave in the inside, at the apex quadrifid, with the segments very sharp; 
near the base, on one side, is a small spiniform tooth (f. 13). 
Male Fructification in the axillae of the perigonial leaves : 
Anthers of an ovato-spherical form, of a greyish color, slightly reticulate. Footstalk short, 
whitish, cellulose. 
Female f ructification terminal, but frequen fly appearing lateral from the “ innovatio caulis” 
just beyond it. 
The calyx, before it has acquired the length of the perichaetial leaves, is nearly sphterical, 
then ovate, or rather obovate (f. 8), plicated upward; the mouth contracted, and 
sharply, but irregularly, toothed. 
