INTRODUCTION. 
A slight alteration only is made by Haller, who, in his Enumeratio Stirp. Helv., retains 
the genera established by Micheli, omitting, however, the seeds in their characters, and 
adding to Marsilea the peculiarity of the filaments being rolled in, and adhering, like a 
sponge, to the middle of the flower (capsule), which, indeed, is by no means the case 
with any of the family, except J. epiphylla. 
Dillenius next comes again to be considered, in his Historic, Muscorum, where he has 
given a more enlarged character to his Liche nostrum ; ' and, after saying that the name is 
derived from the resemblance of its flowers to those of a Lichen, adds that it is, “Musci 
genus flore antlieraceo nudo, ab initio globoso, dein in quatuor lacinias ad basim usque 
diviso, tetrapetaloide, florcm Galii referente, farinam spargente teneram masculinam, et 
pediculo tenero pellucido, singulo singulo insidente, e theca seu calyce nunc simplici et 
integro, nunc quasi bivalvi, nunc in plures lacinias per summitatem diviso egrediente ; 
quibus notis a Lichene clarissime distinguitur hoc genus. Fseminina semina me adhuc 
latent in plerisque omnibus speciebus.” He has, however, excluded J. Trichomanis, of 
which he does not appear to have known the fructification, and has made it a Milium, 
from the powdery capitula which he saw at the termination of the branches. 
Linnaeus, at length, in the last edition of the Systema Natura, firmly established the 
genus Jungermannia, and attributed to it the following character : 
“Masc. pedunculatus, nudus. Anthcra quadrivalvis. 
Fem. sessilis nudus, seminibus subrotundis.” 
About twenty-five years subsequently, in 1760, the accurate Schmidcl produced his 
Dissertatio de Jungermannia charactere, in which, alter an elaborate history, he determined 
upon the following character. “ Jungermanniam,” he says, “vocamus Alg® genus, in 
cujus 
Masculino Flore varii situs, vel in eadem vel in distincta planta aut ramo, 
Cal. nullus. 
Cor. nulla. 
Stam. Anther® nud®, vesiculares vel farinos®, absque fibs. 
Feminino Flore : 
Cal. multiformis, monophyllus aut bilobus. 
Cor. monopetala, limbo varie secto, frequenter bilabiato. 
Pist. Germen ovatum vel subrotundum, corolla tectum ; Stylus coroll® im- 
positus, rectus ; Stigma simplicissimum. 
Per. Vasculum pedunculo recto, ultra calicem et corollam elevatum, subro- 
tundum, vel oblongum, uniloculare, filamentis repletum, quadrivalve, valvis 
patentibus. 
Sem. Plurima, minuta, subrotunda.” 
Haller, in his Stirpes Helvetica, has altered the character which he had previously 
given in his Enumeratio, taking advantage of the labors of Micheli, Linn®us, and 
Schmidel ; making no mention, however, of either male or female fructification, but very 
properly including in the genus those Jungermannia which Linnsus and Schmidel had 
made Mnia; and observing, “Plurim® Jungermanni®, forte et oranes, pr®terea passim 
