Direction. 
Kona. 
P '*? 
INTRODUCTION. 
The bifarious insertion of the leaves is by far the most common, as in J. curvifolia 
(tab. 16), J- scalaris (tab. 61), & c. J.julacea (tab. 2), J- laxifolia (tab. 59), and J.juniperina 
(tab. 4), have them quadrifarious ; and in J. Hookeri, (tab. 54) J- trichophylla (tab. 7) and 
J. setacea (tab. 8), they are multifarious; that is to say, they grow indiscriminately from all 
sides of the stem. 
The direction of the leaves is liable to considerable variation, even in the same species. 
In those with leaves disposed in multifarious directions, they generally point upwards, 
towards the extremity of the stem, whether that be erect, as in J. Hookeri, or prostrate, as 
in J. setacea (tab. 8). Such likewise is their direction in some species with bifarious leaves, 
of which we have examples in J ■ emarginata (tab. 27) and J ■ concinnata (tab. 3) : but for 
the most part, the species of this section are endowed with leaves which are indifferently 
patent or erect ; instances of which are seen in J- anomala (tab. 34), J. Sphagni (tab. 33), 
J. Taylori (tab. 57), &c. In J. juniperina (tab. 4) they are remarkable for pointing all one 
way. 
In every British species of the genus, the leaves are alternate and distinct. In two 
foreign species, from New Zealand, I have seen them opposite, united, and perfoliate. 
In describing the forms of the leaves, I must beg that the terms made use of may be 
understood with a certain degree of latitude ; not only because some variation takes place 
in the leaves themselves, upon the same individual species, but because the terms in use 
for phaenogamous plants are not strictly applicable to those of this family. When mention 
is made of an ovate or of an orbicular leaf, the expression is so far incorrect, that, 
having a broad transverse base, in general, the circumference will not form more than 
three-fourths of an ovate or orbicular figure. I allude to these forms more particularly, 
because they, and their various modifications, are the most frequent to which the leaves are 
subject. 
They are ovate in J. viticulosa (tab. 60), J ■ Trichomanis (tab. 79), and in the upper 
leaves of J. anomala (tab. 34) : obovate in J ■ spinulosa (tab. 14) : orbicular in J. Sphagni 
(tab. 33) : subquadrate in J • polyanthos (tab. 62) and J ■ pusilla (tab. 69) : acinaciform in 
J. albicans (tab. 15) : ligulate upon J. Hookeri (tab. 54) : cuneiform upon J. cuneifolia 
(tab. 64) : and ovate and orbicular leaves are frequently found on the same plant, as in 
J. anomala (tab. 34). In all, they are plane or convex. 
In very many species they are more or less divided at or near the extremity. Slightly 
notched in J. emarginata (tab. 27) and in J. concinnata (tab. 3) : deeply so in J. excisa (tab. 9), 
J. venlricosa (tab. 28), J. bicuspidata (tab. 11), J. bident ala (tab. 30) : bifid in J.julacea 
(tab. 2) : deeply so in J. juniperina (tab. 4) : trifid in J. trilobata (tab. 76), J. reptans 
(tab. 75), J. incisa (tab. 10), and J. capitata (tab. 80) : quadrifid in J. set for mis (tab. 20). 
In all these the segments are equal in size, and either expanded, as in most species ; 
involute, as in J. curvifolia (tab. 16) ; or connivent, as in J. connivens (tab. 15). 
A considerable variety is to be observed in the apices of the leaves, which are rounded 
and obtuse in a great number of species : acute in J. Dicksoni (tab. 48) and many others : 
acuminafe in J. juniperina (tab. 4) and J. curvifolia (tab. 16) : very sharp, and almost 
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