INTRODUCTION. 
iff* 
: f 
Jik ' ’. ' 
Calyx. 
Mouth. 
Substance. 
in J. epiphylla and J. Blasia I cannot find that it exists at all : the anthers appear not only 
sessile, but imbedded, in the latter species, in the substance of the nerve; and, in the 
former, in a lateral process or peculiar receptacle, evincing an approximation to the genus 
Marchantia. The footstalk is found in all the foliaceous species of J ungermanniae. 
In the frondose species, the anther is, as just observed, sometimes buried in the nerve; 
sometimes it is affixed to the upper surface, as in J ■ Lyel/ii (tab. 77) and J kibernica 
(tab. 78), and sometimes to the lower surface, as in J. furcata and J. pubescens: in either 
case it is covered by a proper perigonial scale. 
In most instances the anthers are, in the foliaceous species, concealed by closely-imbri- 
cated perigonial leaves ; each leaf inclosing an indefinite number, from one to five or six : 
sometimes they are to be seen on the old branches; sometimes, as in J ■ platyphylla (tab. 40) 
and many others only upon the innovations, which, after the decay of the anthers, become 
perfect branches. They are on some individuals, as J • Hoolceri (tab. 54), in the axillae of 
leaves that are not closely imbricated, and they are then exposed to view ; but not so much 
so as in J. lanceolata (tab. 18) and J. pusilla (tab. 69), where they are placed on the stem, 
without any covering or protection whatever. Frequently they are found on the same 
plants which bear the female fructification ; but more usually on distinct individuals. 
CALYX. 
As in the phamogamous plants, so in this genus, species are to be met with that are 
quite destitute of a perichatium or calyx , as I have hitherto called it ; of such, examples 
are seen in J. concinnata (tab. 3) and J. Hookeri (tab. 54). In J. compressa (tab. 58), 
J.juniperina (tab. 4), and J. scalaris (tab. 61), the pcrichEetial leaves, by their union, seem 
to perform the office of the calyx in affording protection to the germen within. This 
part, in the greater number of species, is single ; very small and by no means concealing 
the calyptra in J- furcata (tab. 57) (where it is like a scale), in J. epiphylla (tab. 47), 
J. multiftda (tab. 45), and J . pinguis (tab. 46), where it is cup-shaped. In J. polyanthos 
(tab. 62) it is half the length of the calyptra ; whilst, in almost every other of the genus, 
it is much shorter. Its most common figure is tubular, with the mouth, however, smaller 
than the diameter at the middle, as in J. excisa, J. setiformis, &c. In J. lanceolata (tab. 18) 
the apex is depressed : acuminate in J. pumila : in most a little plicate. In J. asplenioides 
(tab. 13), J. nemorosa, J. complanata, and several others, it is compressed, and, before 
the exsertion of the capsule, is curved at the apex and always a little slit down on one 
side: angular in J. crenulata (tab. 37), J. hyalina (tab. 63), J. Mackaii (tab. 53), J.minu- 
tissima, and in J. hamat folia ; in which latter the angles are often serrato-dentate : campa- 
nulate in J. pusilla (tab. 69) . 
The mouth is generally roundish, toothed in many species, four cleft in J. spharocarpa; 
beautifully ciliate in J ■ connivens and J. trichophylla ; truncate and flattened in J. undulata 
and J. asplenioides. 
The substance is, in almost all the species, very nearly the same with that of the 
leaves ; membranaceous in J. Blasia, approaching to carnose in J. tomentella, exceedingly 
so in J. Trichomanis and J. viticulosa : it is smooth on the surface in every species, except 
J. dilatata, in which it is tuberculated. 
