7 
3d. Planting. — Dig the hole large enough to receive the roots 
freely without cramping. Let the tree be the same depth as it stood 
in the Nursery, and not deeper except in the case of Pear on 
Quince, Apple on Paradise or Doucin, and Plum on wild stock- 
These should be so set, that the point of union shall come two or 
three inches below the surface of the ground. Except special care 
be used in this particular, the union is apt after the settling of the 
ground to come out above the surface ; this should never be. 
Fill the whole now with good mellow surface earth, working the 
dirt carefully in among the roots with the fingers, so bringing it into 
contact with every part. Pack moderately with the foot, leaving 
the earth in all cases a little crowning about the trunk of the tree ; 
mulch the surface immediately around the tree with coarse manure, 
muck or leaves, covering a space equal to the extent of the roots. 
This protects the earth about the roots against drying or baking 
with wind and sun, retains to it the requisite moisture, and obviates 
all occasion for a practice generally of injurious effect, — the water- 
ing of newly planted trees. 
4th. Peuning. — The requirements of pruning vary somewhat 
according to the kind of tree ; we prefer however low training for 
all trees, for Dwarf trees very especially. The pruning should be 
done each year, so that no necessity may arise for cutting large 
limbs. Dwarf trees particularly of the pear and apple, while young 
require more pruning than any other kind of tree, in order to bring 
the top to suitable form. For the first two or three years after 
planting, fully one half the growth of these the previous year should 
be removed by heading in or reducing the length of each limb. The 
top limbs require to be cut back more, the lower limbs less. So 
we assist to an equal distribution of sap and consequent vigor to the 
lower limbs with the upper. Care must always be used to keep 
the head of the tree open and well balanced, cutting away the limbs 
which may be superfluous. 
After the tree has passed say the third or fourth year from plant- 
ing, the requirement of pruning is only to keep it in symmetrical 
shape, and prevent particular limbs from taking a disproportionate 
growth. Limbs so inclined must be headed back sufficiently, and 
all superfluous wood upon the tree kept promptly removed. This 
regularly attended to, will obviate the occurrence of any necessity 
for amputating large limbs. 
It may be well to suggest to purchasers of Dwarf trees, of what, 
ever kind, that, in order that they may be trained to the entire sat- 
isfaction of the buyer, whether as pyramids, espaliers, or low-stand- 
