3 & The Queensland Naturalist. May, 1927 
under-surface is similar to upper, but somewhat brighter, 
and with markings considerably larger. 
Both males and females very much in size, colour, 
and intensity of markings, especially in female. The 
male specimen figured is a large one, and well-marked ; 
the female is only of medium size, but has the orange red 
spots of the hind wing well developed, though occasion- 
ally specimens may be bred or captured with the orange 
red spots and blue lumules much larger and more bril- 
liant. Again, perfect specimens are sometimes no larger 
than Papilie anactus, with markings quite dull and 
obscure, the bright orange red being brick red, and blue 
lunules nearly, or quite, absent. 
The butterfly is frequently abundant, sometimes ex- 
ceedingly so. In 1923 they were plentiful, and in 1924-5, 
during most of the summer, they were in swarms all round 
Brisbane. Children captured great numbers by knocking 
them down with their hats, bushes, etc., and putting them 
not quite dead into card-board boxes, in a much mutilated 
state. The males outnumbered females greatly at first, 
but towards the end of the season this was reversed. At 
dusk and early morning they were settled in various 
corners and under bushes in shady places, usually shel- 
tered from wind. Their method of resting is quite dif- 
ferent to that of our other papilios, the fore-wings being 
bent down overlap the hind-wings, except the tornal red 
spot, which is always exposed. Most other butterflies rest 
with their wings reversed perpendicularly over their 
backs, the upper surface being quite hidden. 
The food of the larva in its wild state consists of 
the foliage of various Rutaceae, as Acronychia and Hal- 
fordia, also* citrus (the wild lime or orange), and probably 
Atalantia, the inland lime. The introduced orchard fruit 
trees (orange, lime, lemon, and citron) are also much 
infested, but the butterfly is kept in check by various 
birds, like the silver-eye, various tits, etc., etc., which 
pick off the ova as soon as laid. These birds (the silver- 
eye, especially, is valuable to the orchardist, for it appears 
to exist largelv on the egg-s of many insects), quite cleat ed 
the trees of the ova of this papilio after the great swarms 
previously mentioned. . , , 
The whampee (Clausena w^ampi) a fruit introduced 
from China, and also of the orange tribe, is occasionally 
affected, and some years back I bred out a batch of vei> 
fine and large specimens of this butterfly from larvae 
found feeding on its leaves. 
