REPOET ON THE ANNELIDA. 
363 
Grube describes three forms in his account of the Annelids of the “ Gazelle,” and one 
in Semper’s Philippine series. Schmarda gives four littoral forms (a Trophonia and 
three species of Siphonostomum) , while Kinberg has the same number, also from shallow 
water. Hansen describes no less than live new species from the Norwegian North 
Atlantic expedition, but none came from greater depths than 6.58 fathoms. 
The remarkable Antarctic Trophonia ivyvillei, from Station 157, is one of the largest 
and most characteristic of the group. 
The representatives of the family are eagerly devoured by fishes, a feature of moment 
in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, where they are common. 
Trophonia, Milne-Edwards. 
Trophonia capensis, n. sp. (PI. XLIV. figs. 7, 8 ; PI. XXIIIa. figs. 1-3). 
Habitat. — Found between tide-marks at Sea Point, Cape Town, December 1873. 
The single specimen is moderately large, extending in length about 60 mm., and 
being fully 4 mm. in diameter at its widest part. 
The body is slightly tapered at the snout, remains of considerable diameter for a long 
distance, and then gradually diminishes toward the tail. There are upwards of eighty 
(eighty-one or eighty-two) segments, which are somewhat quadrangular in transverse 
section. The skin throughout is firm and rough, the surface, indeed, resembling sand- 
paper, from the minute sand-grains, fragments of sponge-spicules, Foraminifera, and other 
siliceous and calcareous particles attached to it. These adventitious structures seem to 
be directly fixed to the surface of the cuticle, which is thin. The anterior third of the 
dorsum is most marked in this respect, that is, has the largest and coarsest grains. 
The. snout (PI. XLIV. fig. 7) bears two grooved tentacles similar to those of Trophonia 
plumosa, and a dense tuft of branchiae superiorly on each side. The latter differ from 
those of the common form in being more slender, more numerous, and in springing from 
the ventral aspect of a tongue-shaped triangular process which projects upward and 
forward on each side from the upper lip. Each is marked, in extrusion, on the dorsal 
surface by a line of dark pigment just within a pale margin. These processes appear to 
be united along the middle line, though a deep groove exists on the ventral surface. On 
the latter aspect the branchiae are placed in close series, and in somewhat regular rows. 
Each contains an afferent and efferent vessel. On each side of the median line interiorly 
is a small conical papilla with a dark summit, and then the bell-shaped buccal projection 
occurs all round. The latter is surrounded by a somewhat thin, frilled marginal fold. 
The whole is apparently formed for retraction, so that the branchial apparatus may be 
efficiently protected. 
The first and second bristles are comparatively short, extending only a brief distance 
