NORTH AMERICAN BATRACIIIA AND REPTILIA. 
9 
otoicl glands not forming an ovoid distinct mass. Four phalanges 
in fourth toe. 
a. Costal grooves 10 ; palatine series in three patches. 
9. A. talpoideum , (Holbr.) Gray. Mole Salamander. Head 
broad, width contained about three and live-tenths times in 
distance from snout to groin; external nares much closer together 
than internal; palatine series of teeth convex backwards; tail 
short, compressed; patches of large pores on head; color brown 
or blackish above, paler beneath, irregularly marked with gray 
of a liclien-like character; dusky spots on back and tail ; L. 
three and one-half inches. Austroriparian region; mountains of 
South Carolina. 
b. Costal grooves 11; palatine series of teeth three. 
x. No or one indistinct plantar tubercle. 
10. A. opacum , (Graven) Bd. Opaque Salamander. Mid- 
dle series of teeth transverse or concave, behind posterior margin 
of nares; width of head in specimens three inches long, less 
than four times in distance from snout to groin; in adults, four 
and seven-tenths times; no regular patches of conspicuous pores 
on head and parotoids. Black, with a dorsal series of transverse 
grayish bands about fourteen in number, which are sometimes 
more or less confluent and sometimes interrupted medially ; L. 
three and one-half inches. From Pennsylvania to Florida; 
Wisconsin and Texas. 
11. A. punctatum , (Linn) Bd. Large Spotted Salamander. 
Teeth as in the last; width of head in small specimens, three and 
five-tenths times to groin; in adults, four and five-tenths times; 
patches of conspicuous pores on head and parotoids; a deep dorsal 
groove; black, with a series of round bright yellow spots on 
each side of back; in alcoholic specimens, brown above with 
white spots; L. six inches. United States east of the plains; 
Nova Scotia. 
12. A. consper*um , Cope. Smaller Spotted Salamander. 
Middle series of teeth convex, advancing beyond posterior margin 
of nares; width of head about four and five-tenths times in 
distance to groin; skin smooth; body quite free from visible 
pores; no distinct dorsal groove; color above, leaden beneath 
paler; sides with one or two series of small whitish spots ; L. 
two and two-thirds inches. Pennsylvania to Georgia. 
y. Plantar tubercles two, distinct. 
13. A. bicolor , Hallowell. Middle series of teeth straight, 
nearly divided; external nares much closer together than internal; 
width of head more than one-quarter distance to groin; tail short, 
much compressed; dorsal furrow slight; color above, olive brown; 
