10 
NORTH AMERICAN BATRACHIA AND REPTILIA. 
beneath, yellowish, which rises on the sides as short blotches, 
above these several ill-defined yellowish spots; parotid region 
yellow; tail yellow with dark spots; limbs cross-banded; L. six 
inches. New Jersey. 
c. Costal grooves 12; mucous pores each side of muzzle. 
x. Two distinct plantar tubercles; size large. 
14. A. tigrinum , (Green) Bd. Tiger Salamander. No 
can thus rostralis; head long; external nares closer together than 
internal; tooth series continuous or slightly interrupted, generally 
convex forwards; parotid region much swollen; color usually 
blackish-brown, with irregular scattered spots or blotches of 
yellow; those on lower part of sides largest, subquadrate, and 
more or less confluent; sometimes uniform brown above and 
yellow below; sometimes entirely yellow, with brown linear 
patches; L. eight inches. United States east of the plains. 
15. A. xiphias , Cope. Long-tailed Salamander. Canthus 
rostralis distinct; tail longer than head and body; external nares 
closer together than internal; muzzle obtuse; head small and 
short, width five times in distance to groin; palatine teeth in one 
series, slightly convex forwards; mandible projecting beyond 
muzzle; color above yellowisli-olive; beneath brighter yellow; 
back and sides with reticulating bands of brown; a few rounded 
spots of the same on the belly; L. eleven and one-quarter inches; 
tail six. Ohio. 
y. No or one indistinct plantar tubercle; size small; 
palatine series of teeth interrupted. 
16. A. jeffersonianum , subsp. jeffersonianum , (Green) 
Cope. External and internal nares equidistant; width of head 
four and five-tenths to five times in distance to groin; dorsal 
groove indistinct; eyes situated far back; tooth series transverse, 
in four patches; distance between anterior corners of eyes more 
than twice the length of orbital fissure; lead colored to black; 
with or without pale bluish spots on sides; L. five and five-tenths 
inches. Pennsylvania and Ohio northward. 
17. A. jeffersonianum , subsp. later ale, (Ilall) Cope. Mid- 
dle patches of teeth convex forward; distance between anterior 
corners of eyes only twice length of orbital fissure; color black, 
with large white spots on sides and tail; smaller ones below; L. 
about one-half the preceding. In other respects like the last. 
Canada and Wisconsin northward; Northern Illinois. 
18. A. jeffersonianum, subsp. fuscum, (Ilall) Cope. Color 
dark brown, with a darker shade or band along sides; L. three 
and eight-tenths. Indiana and Virginia. 
