12 
NORTH AMERICAN BATRACHIA AND REPTILIA. 
Artificial Synopsis of Genera. 
A. Anterior margin of tongue attached. 
a. Toes 4-4 Hemidactylium. 
b. Toes 4-5. 
x. Tail rounded and not finned, or with costal folds 
not over 14 Plethodon. 
y. Tail compressed and finned above; costal folds 17; 
pale-yellow, brown-lined Stereochilus. 
B. Tongue free on all sides. 
a. Toes 4-4 Manculus. 
b. Toes 4-5. 
x • Yellow or red above, spotted or lined with black 
or brown; or with not more than 12 costal folds. 
Spelerpes. 
y. Uniform purple-gray above; costal folds 14. 
Gyrinojphilus. 
Genus Hemidactylium, Tsch. 1 
22. H. scutatum ,• (Schl.) Tsch. Four-toed Salamander: 
Costal furrows well marked; skin of back cut so as to resemble 
scutse; body short; limbs slender; tail rounded at base, com- 
pressed distally, one to two times length of body; color above 
brown, with irregular scattered black spots on sides; below 
whitish, with pitchy black spots; snout yellow; limbs and tail 
orange-brown; L. two and five-tenths inches. Rhode Island and 
Illinois to Gulf of Mexico. 
Genus Plethodon, Tsch. 
23. P. cinereus , subsp. cinereus , (Green) Cope. Palatine 
series of teeth well separated medially, not extending beyond 
inner nares externally; costal plicae 16-19; form slender; tail 
cylindrical; limbs weak; inner toes rudimentary; above cinereous; 
no red dorsal band; below paler, sometimes spotted with darker; 
L. three and one-half inches. Eastern region. 
24. P. cinereus , subsp. erythronotus , (Green) Cope. A red 
dorsal stripe from head to tip> of tail; in other respects like pre- 
ceding. Eastern region. 
25. P. cinereus , subsp. dorsalis , Bd. MSS. Louisville, 
Kentucky; Salem, Massachusetts. 
26. j P. glutinosus , (Green) Bd. Yiscid Salamander. Pal- 
atine series well separated medially, extending outside of inner 
nares; costal plicse 14; form stout; tail rounded; limbs short, 
stout; inner digits distinct; black, usually with gray lateral 
blotches and smaller dorsal spots; L. four and one-half inches. 
Eastern and Austroriparian regions. 
