14 
NORTH AMERICAN BATRACIIIA AND REPTILIA. 
34. S. ruber , snbsp. m^ontanus, (Bd.) Cope. Costal plicae 
17; tail as long as body; above reddish-brown, with few, but 
well-defined, black or brown spots; beneath deep salmon-color; 
iris without dark bar; L. five inches. Alleghany Mountains, 
from Pennsylvania to South Carolina. 
35. S. ruber , subsp. sticticeps , (Bd.) Cope. In MSS. 
South Carolina. 
Genus Gyrinophilus, Cope. 
36. 6r. porphyritieus , (Green) Cope. Purple Salamander. 
Costal plicae 14 ; width of head less than seven times to groin ; 
canthus rostralis prominent; tail rounded at base, without fin; 
above yellowish-brown or salmon color, irregularly marked with 
gray ; beneath whitish ; L. six inches. Mountains, from 
Vermont to Alabama. 
Family DESMOGNATHICLE. 
Genus Desmognathus, Bd. 
Premaxillaries united, embracing a fontanelle; parietals 
ossified; tongue free on sides and posteriorly; digits distinct, 4-5. 
A. Costal plicae 13-15. 
37. D. oekropheea , Cope. Generally a single, imperfect, 
lateral series of pores; no tubercle in canthus of eye; tail 
rounded, not finned; posterior half of mandible in males non- 
dentate; costal plicae 13; brown, with a yellowish dorsal band; 
back dotted; belly dirty white, immaculate; males darker; L. 
three inches. Mountains, from New York to Georgia. 
38. D. fuscus, subsp. fuscus , (Baf.) Cope. Generally two 
lateral series of pores, inferior, well developed, superior, irregular, 
or wanting ; a tubercle in canthus of eye ; tail compressed and 
keeled; mandible in males completely toothed; above brown, 
marked with gray and pink ; belly marbled, the pale color pre- 
dominating; no red spots on sides; L. three inches. Massachu- 
setts to Mississippi ; Illinois. 
39. D. fusca , subsp. aurieulata , (Ilolb.) Cope. Above 
black, with a series of small red spots on sides ; belly marbled, 
the darker color predominating; otherwise as in preceding. 
South Carolina to Louisiana. 
B. Costal plicae 12. 
40. D. nigra , (Green) Bd. Two well developed lateral 
series of pores; a tubercle in canthus of eye; tail flattened, 
attenuated, finned above; mandible in males completely toothed; 
