NORTH AMERICAN BATRAGHIA AND REPTILIA. 
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b. Nasal one. 
1. Two prefrontals; two postorbitals. 
x. Nasal not grooved below nostril; tail very long. 
13. Cyclophis. 
y. Nasal grooved; tail short 20. Tropidoclonium. 
2. One prefrontal; three postorbitals 22. Helicops. 
1. Genus Carpiiophiops, Gerv. 
Prefrontals present or absent; nasal one; orbit formed 
anteriorly by loral and postfrontal; postfrontal one; superciliaries 
very small; vertical broad; dorsal scales smooth; anal divided, 
head continuous with body; unicolor. 
a. One pair of frontal plates. 
10. C. helence , Kenn. Snout shorter and narrower than in 
the following species. Color above lustrous chestnut brown; 
beneath flesh color, which extends to second row of lateral scales; 
dorsal rows 13. Southern Illinois and Mississippi. 
b. Two pair of frontal plates. 
11. C. amcenux, Say. Ground Snake. Color above chest- 
nut brown; yellowish or salmon color beneath; dorsal rows 13; 
G. 120-130. Massachusetts to Louisiana and Illinois. 
12. C. vermis , Kenn. Worm Snake. Color above lustrous, 
purplish black; beneath flesh color, extending to third row of 
lateral scales; dorsal rows 13. Larger than the preceding species. 
Missouri, Kansas, and Southern Illinois. 
2. Genus Virginia, B. and G. 
Nasals two, nostril in the anterior one; loral and postorbital 
forming anterior border of orbit; postorbitals two; vertical broad; 
dorsal scales smooth; anal divided; eye moderate; head distinct 
from body. 
13. V. valerice , B. and G. Color above yellowish or gray- 
ish brown, with minute black dots irregularly scattered or con- 
stituting rows; beneath yellowish; subrhomboidal dorsal scales 
in 15 rows; G. 120-130. Maryland to Illinois,’ and North Caro- 
lina. 
14. V. elegans , Kenn. Color above uniform light olive- 
brown; beneath dull yellowish-white; dorsal scales very narrow 
and elongated, in 17 rows. Southern Illinois and Arkansas. 
3. Genus LIaldea, B. and G. 
Prefrontal one; nasals two; loral and postfrontal forming 
anterior part of orbit; postorbital one; superciliaries large; verti- 
