GLOSSARY. 
Alveolar surface — That portion of the jaws where the teeth are 
usually found. 
Amphiccelian — Said of those vertebrae that are concave at each 
end. 
Anal — Pertaining to the anus. 
Anal plate — The plate or scale which covers the anus in front. 
Anchylosed — Firmly united, as when bones are grown together. 
Annulated — Ringed or banded transversely. 
Anteorbital plate— That situated along the anterior margin of 
the eye, the largest dimension of which is vertical. 
Areolate — Divided into small spaces which are bounded by parts 
differing in color or structure. 
Articular bone — The portion of the lower jaw which articulates 
with the quadrate. 
Azygos — A plate directly behind the rostral. 
Branchiae — Gills; the respiratory organs of fishes, etc. 
Bridge — The bony or horny plates which unite the carapace and 
plastron of turtles. 
Canthus — Corner or angle. 
Canthus rostralis — Corner or angle of snout. 
Carapace — The dorsal shield of turtles; usually composed of 
bony plates covered by horny scales. 
Carinate — Keeled or ridged longitudinally. 
Carpus — The wrist bones connecting the forearm with the long 
bones of the hand. 
Clavicle — The collar-bone or anterior inferior portion of the pec- 
toral arch. It does not form part of socket for arm. 
Cloacal aperture — Entrance into the cloaca, or chamber into 
which the rectum, and the genital and urinary organs open. 
