32 
Call if collumellari^ (a sinp:le tree), and TTlmcAis tiHaceus. 
From this centre hnffaio grass, Stevotaplirum secundatum 
("Walt.) Kiintze has extended over the dmies for about 
20 yards, and a few stunted specimens of an Acacia and 
of Opimtia sp. are dotted here and there close to the road. 
A few low specimens of Banl\sia are extending their area 
northwards, the most distant of them not more than 200 
yards from the road and only a foot or two high. With 
these more distant plants of Banksia is a single tree of 
Pandanus pednnculafns R.Br. These individuals together 
with another tree of Fandamis and not more than a dozen 
small shrubby specimens of Banksia scattered at generally 
wide intervals make up the present tree population of the 
dunes. 
Found the margins of the hollows Spinifex and 
Onwfhera tend to be I’eplaced on the moister substratum 
by vo.i/sia macranfha often with scattered clumps of Scirpvs 
nodosus Rottb. and the prostrate Lippia vodiflora Rich, 
with its eone-like inflorescence. The floors of the hollows 
carry a very dense cover, generally 4-12 in. high, of the 
sedge Schocims nitens lh)ok. f. anumg wh'ch is often a 
ground mat of various blue-green algae such as Scyfon- 
cma sp. Sometimes among this Schoenn'^ cover thei’e are 
scattered clumps or small stands of the taller Cladium 
jiinceum R.Br., occasional plants of Cijperus poly fit acliyuA 
Rottb. and more rarely, the fern Cyclosorus yonyylodcf^ 
Link. During autumn, the adder’s tongue, Ophioglossum 
rnlyatum B. and terrestial orchids such as Microtis sp. 
can also be found in these hollows. A few low shrubby 
specimens of the swamp oak, Casuarina f/lauca and poorly 
developed plants of Baccharis holimifolia L. (groundsel) 
have ])ecome established in some Imllows, Blady grass also 
sometimes occurs round the margins of these hollows and 
in some cases mingles with the Bckoenus nifens. Some 
hollows, probably not at a level sufficiently low for the 
development of the dense ffckoenus cover often carry small 
plants of TriglocJiin striata Ruiz, and Pav. Avith scattered 
clumps of Bcirpus 'jwdosus. 
Over the Avide Ioav expanse of sand near the bar are 
numerous scattered hummock-foi-ming plants of Cakilc 
maritima Scop betAveen Avhich are poorly developed indivi- 
duals of Spinifcx. 
A belt of mangroves of varying Avidth, sometimes up 
to approximately 50 yards Avide, borders the Avesteru side 
of the spit for about half its length. Avicenvia is the 
dominant species but the smaller Aegiceras corniculafam 
is also common, particixlarly to the rear of the Avicennia, 
and the milky mangrove, Exoecaria agallocha L. occurs 
