24 
usually greater than 30 ( 28 - 35 ) — Corossius carassius 
(Linnaeus) : Crucian carp. 
b. Dorsal fin with straight margin. Scales on lateral line 
usually fewer than 30 (25-30) — Cctrassius auratus 
(Linnaeus) : Goldfish. 
11. a. Anal fin low and with a relatively straight edge, lower 
(9b) jaw small — Nemalolosa erebi (Gunther) : Bony bream, 
hair-back herring. 
b. Anal tin markedly concave; lower jaw prominent — 
Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet) : Oxeye tarpon. 
12 a. Dorsal and anal fin origins and terminations at same 
(8b) levels; pectoral fin behind upper third of gill cover. 
(Lower jaw a stubby beak) — Arrhampus sclerolepis 
Gunther : Short-beaked garfish. 
b. Dorsal and anal fin origins at same level, anal termina- 
tion behind dorsal; pectoral fin behind lower third of gill 
cover — Galaxias attenuatus (lenyns) : Jollytail. 
c. Dorsal qnd anal fins terminate at same level, dorsal origin 
behind anal. (Tail rounded, scales large and usually 
spotted — Scleropages leichhardti Gunther : Barramundi 
Dawson River salmon. 
d. Dorsal fin entirely behind anal.-— Gambusia aiiinis Baird 
and Girard' ; Mosquito-fish, gambusia. 
13 a. Spinous and soft-rayed portions of dorsal fin continuous 
(5b) and of same height. (Body dusky, not blotched) — 
Therapon bidyanus (Mitchell) : Silver perch, sooty grunter, 
black bream, bidyana, 
b. Spinous and soft-rayed portions of dorsal fin united but 
with discontinuity at least of height- —14. 
14 a. Body with blotched markings- - 15 . 
(13b) b. Body without blotched markings- -16. 
15 a. Ventral fin behind root of pectoral; head and gill-cover 
(14b) carrying prominent spines — Nothesthes robusta (Gunther). 
b. Ventral fin behind root of pectoral; head and gill-cover 
smooth; teeth minute — Therapon unicolor - Gunther : 
Spangled grunter. 
c. Ventral fin in front of pectoral root; teeth evident — 
Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier and Valenciennes) : 
Murray cod. 
16 a. Tail rounded- - 17 . 
{14b) b, Tail emarginate to deeply cleft- — 18 . 
17 a. Spinous dorsal almost an equilateral triangle; belly silver 
( 15 a) — bales calcarifer (Bloch) : Giant perch. 
b. A line connecting the tips of spines of dorsal would form 
a smooth curve; belly yellow to gold — Plectroplites 
ambiguus (Richardson) : Golden perch, yellowbelly, 
callop. 
18 a. Ventral fin behind pectoral. Tail emarginate — Percalates 
(16b) colonorum (Gunther) : Australian bass. 
b. Ventral fin in front of pectoral. Tail deeply cleft. 
— Perchlets, 19. 
19 a. 12-13 mid-dorsal scales in front of dorsal fin — Ambassis 
(18b) agassizi Steindachner : Black-tipped perchlet. 
b. 15-17 mid-dorsal scales in front of dorsal fin — Ambassis 
marianus Gunther : Yellow perchlet. 
20 a, Ventral fins at level of root of pectorals; tail rounded — 21 . 
(5c) b. Ventral fins behind root of pectorals; tail emarginate to 
