21 
REFERENCES 
1. Fragm. Phyt. Austral, i, 192 (1859). 
2- Flora Austral, vi, 298 (1873). 
3. Austral. Orch. i, part 2 (1876). 
4. Journ, Linn. Soc. xviii, 334 and 335 (1881). 
5. The Orchids of New South Wales, 130 (1943). 
6. Viet. Nat. Ivii, 216 (1941). ' 
7. Flo a Brit. India vi, 76 (1894). 
8. Annals Roy. Bot. Card. Calcutta ix, 117 (1906). 
9. ibid, 138. 
10. Flora Brit. India vi, 178 and 179 (1894). 
11. Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii (1881). 
KEY TO THE COMMON FRESH WATER FISHES 
OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND 
M. V. BLEAKLY^^ and E. M. GKANT^ 
This key has been eonstnieted essentially for the 
layman. The restricted fauna dealt witli (40 species) has 
made it possible to I’ely largely on gross and obvious 
characters, the recognition of which retinire little skill atid 
no expert knowledge. Gross characters, however, are not 
adequate for some of the smaller species, and a hand lens 
is desirable for the ray counts used in the gudgeon group, 
and necessary for the more difl'icult scale count which 
confirms the separation of the trout gudgeon. Through- 
out technical terms have been avoided. Typically marine 
fishes whicli enter estuaries and may occasionally pene- 
trate fresh waters have been excluded. 
The accompanying figure, based on the giant perch, 
illustrates the characters and terms used. This figure 
also clarifies one dubious character; for the present pur- 
pose two dorsal fins are recognised only when the anterior 
spinous and posterior softn-ayed fins are separated by a 
distinct finless region of the back. In the fish figured is 
seen tlie extreme case of what is here termed a single fin 
witli discontinuity. 
U.se of Key ; This is best illustrated by tracing the 
steps followed in identifying the fish figured. In general, 
numbers on the right refer forward, and numbers in 
Department of Zoology, University of Queensland. 
