60 
The Queensland Naturalist. 
VoL. 2 
The Echinoderms include Asterina (like a pale A, exigua), 
Cocinasterina calamaria ; various Ophiuroids ; the Echinoids 
Echinometra lucunter (which is very common) and Heliocidaris 
erythrogrammus ; the Holothurians, Holothuria atra, which 
is very common in situations exposed to sunlight, and Stichopus 
spp., especially a brownish-green species, which avoids light. 
The Crustacea are represented by prawns, Amphipods, 
crabs and hermit crabs. The commonest species of the 
last-named is Clibanarius viriscens, while the large red tropical 
Dardanus megistos {Pagurus punciulatus) is not uncommon. 
The commonest crabs are Leptodius sanguineus and L. 
exaratus, Grapsus sirigosus, Pachygrapsus iransversus, and 
the swimming crab Thalamita stimpsoni. 
The mollusca are well represented, the chief bivalves being 
Pinctada vulgaris Area fasciata, and the mussel Brachyodontes 
hirsutus. Tlie commonest gastropods are Monodonta zebra, 
Turbo militaris, Nerita nielanotragus , N. albicilla, N. plicata, 
Agnewia pseudamygdala, Pollia undosa, Cerithium janellii, 
Xymene margariticola, Cyprcea spp., Thais ambustulatus , 
Strombus luhuanus and Scutus anatiniis. There are many 
others, but they are less common. The octopus is occasion- 
ally seen. Amongst the Chitons, one might mention Ischno- 
chiton fruticosus and Tschnoradsia australis. 
Ascidians, both simple and colonial, are fairly common, — 
e.g., Styela, Sarcohotrylloides , Cynthia, Ciona, Colella, Leptoc- 
linum, etc. 
Several species of hsh inhabit the rock pools, but the 
only one so far identified is Salarias meleagris^. There are 
also two small banded species, one with the black and silver 
markings on the body, placed longitudinally, and the other 
has them transversely arranged. 
The Ocean Sand Beach. 
The chief denizens are the “ ugari,” Donax deltoides, 
which is often parasited by a pea-crab Pinnotheres , and the 
“ sand worm ” Onuphis (Diopatra) tere^. The distribution 
of the latter is very limited here, being found only in the 
vicinity of the Tooway Creek sandbar. The sand crabs, 
Ocypode cordimana and occasionally 0. ceratophthalma , are 
to be seen racing over the sand, or disappearing into thdr 
spiral burrows. These two species may be encountered 
amongst the terrestrial vegetation hundreds of yards away 
from the shore. 
Abundant organisms (or their remains) are thrown up 
on the beach, and attract the attention of sandhoppers 
{Orchestia spp.), and various insects, e.g,, flies, Homoptera, 
Tenebrionid and Staphylinid beetles, etc. Amongst the 
» identified for me by Mr. A. R. McCulloch, Australian Museum. Sydney, 
