HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 67 
ful of the animals’ comfort and well-being. Controls are necessary 
only because some of us do and may forget that animals cannot speak 
up for their own protection. 
Even the most responsible investigator may on occasion need a 
reminder. This the bill H.R. 1937 will provide. 
If I may, Mr. Chairman, read a letter written by Dr. Walsh, a 
clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Georgetown 
University of Medical School, who is unable to be present himself. 
Mr. Roberts. Without objection. 
Dr. Kiernan (reading) : 
Dear Mrs. Griffiths : I have recently had the opportunity of reading H.R. 
1937 and would like you to know that I heartily endorse it in its entirety. 
There is no justification whatsoever in causing undue suffering to vertebrated 
animals in medical and surgical teaching or research. Animals should be af- 
forded the same opportunities for pain relief as man and should be given com- 
plete regional or general anesthesia whenever any surgical procedure is con- 
templated. I further agree that if any contemplated procedure will in any 
manner maim, disable, or result in postoperative pain, the animal would be 
better off if not allowed to recover from anesthesia. 
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
Mr. Roberts. Thank you, Dr. Kiernan. 
We are grateful to you for your statement. We appreciate it for 
two reasons : 
First of all, you have been very brief and considerate of the time 
of the committee; and, secondly, I think that your endorsement of 
this legislation would certainly cause us to give it very serious con- 
sideration. 
Any questions by gentlemen of the committee ? 
Thank you again. 
Our next witness will be Dr. Leon Bernstein, Veterans’ Adminis- 
tration hospital, 42 d Avenue and Clement Street, San Francisco, 
Calif. 
I know that you, too, came from a long distance, Dr. Bernstein, and 
we are very grateful to you for coming. You may proceed Avith 
your statement. 
STATEMENT OF DR. LEON BERNSTEIN, VETERANS’ ADMINISTRA- 
TION HOSPITAL, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 
Dr. Bernstein. Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, 
I thank you for this opportunity to appear before you. I would 
like to make it plain that what I have to say represents my own views 
and not those of the U.S. Veterans’ Administration. 
My qualifications to appear before you today are that I am a bache- 
lor of science in physiology and a doctor of philosophy in the faculty 
of science of the University of London, a member of the Royal College 
of Surgeons of England, and a licentiate of the Royal College of 
Physicians of London. I am licensed to practice medicine in the 
United Kingdom, though not in the United States. I am a member 
of both the American and the British Physiological Societies. From 
1937 until 1957, except for the period of my wartime service in the 
Royal Air F orce, I was a teacher of physiology at the London Hospi- 
tal Medical College, one of the medical schools of the University of 
London. From November 1957 until October 1961 I was the head 
