76 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
Here is the University of Minnesota’s recommendations on how 
to clean a dog cage : 
After feeding all of the dogs in the area assigned to you, go back and remove 
any dead dogs from their cages. 
On the next page it shows how to hose a dog cage with the dog in it : 
Open the door slightly, holding it so the dogs cannot jump out. Run the nozzle 
over the top of the door as shown in the drawing at the right. Wash the 
walls and bottom grate. Then run the nozzle under the door to flush out the 
catch pan. 
Incidentally, these quarters are new, less than 2 years old, so the 
decision to house dogs in basement cages three tiers high without 
provision for exercise and to hose the cages with the dogs inside was 
deliberate. 
According to the St. Paul Dispatch, February 16, 1961, 700 dogs 
are housed thus, and a spokesman for the medical school was quoted 
as saying : 
Research is big business at the university. In fact, Government and founda- 
tions last year backed our medical research with more than $3 million in 
grants. 
Business is a lot bigger this year with a total of $9,620,965 of the 
taxpayers’ money given this university by the National Institutes 
of Health in 1961. 
In a far western medical school with the same glossy corridors 
and expensively equipped operating rooms more than 100 dogs cow- 
ered and yelped in a steaming, windowless room which had just 
been hosed, dogs and all. Most pitiful were those whose painful 
and debilitating surgery prevented them from rising and who were 
soaking and shivering in the bottoms of the wet cages from which 
they would never be taken again unless it were for further experi- 
mentation or as carcasses. 
All but a handful of the many millions of animals that enter our 
laboratories each year, dogs, cats, monkeys, rabbits, guinea pigs, ham- 
sters, rats, and mice are, of course, killed in the laboratory. Some 
are lucky. They are anesthetized and never brought back to con- 
sciousness. Some, too, may take part in a painless test and be anes- 
thetized and killed at the conclusion. But there are uncounted myr- 
iads of others whose death is inflicted in a slow and painful manner, 
and there is an enormous variety of ways in which they may be made 
to suffer and die in the laboratory. Many involve far more agony 
and terror than the methods Congress has outlawed for the slaughter 
of animals that provide us with food. 
For example: exposure of rabbits to microwaves produces an ex- 
tremely violent reaction. Within 5 minutes desperate attempts are 
made to escape from the cage. Peripheral engorgement of all vessels 
yields an acrocyanotic picture. The ears develop a “fried” or “cooked” 
appearance. F orty minutes of exposure results in death. 
Or starving dogs to death, sometimes in conjunction with major 
operations. For example, in one experiment the dogs were subjected 
to two separate operations in which the surgical mortality was so 
high that the animals were not studied or standardized before surgery. 
(Complete bilateral paravertebral ganglionectomy and denervation of 
both adrenal glands.) It is reported that “one dog died during the 
