78 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
Reed Army Institute of Research, is now considered a “living unit” 
according to a paper in the Proceedings of the Animal Care Panel, 
vol. 7, No. 2. Speaking of the old days before monkeys were kept 
in the equivalent of the stocks for months at a time, the paper states : 
The chair and strap arrangement allowed so much freedom of movement that 
the monkey often struggled for long periods of time to free itself and was often 
injured in the process. 
In the newer models — 
It is usually necessary to grasp the hair on the monkey’s head to guide it 
through this opening while the lower plate is raised still further. The lower 
plate is raised to the point where the monkey is effectively pinned between the 
seat and the upper plate, thus restricting his activity. * * * At this point the 
panels may be a little tighter than they will be for final adjustment since the 
tight panels serve to quiet the monkey. * * * It is necessary to check the mon- 
key frequently for several days until it becomes accustomed to the chair. During 
this period its activity may loosen some of the adjustments or require that others 
be made. After the monkey has adapted to the chair, a regular inspection is 
required to check for decubitus — 
that is, bed sores— 
which may occur at the neck and waist panels but is much more likely to occur 
in the region of the callosities. 
The author, in an apparent burst of magnanimity, states that since 
it only takes 5 or 10 minutes to do — 
there is no reason why the monkey should not be taken out of the chair occa- 
sionally and put into a cage. This would help to maintain muscle tone, prevent 
decubitus (bedsores) and allow grooming. 
However, he states that he has maintained monkeys in the chairs 
continuously for periods of 2 to 5 months, and “spinal preparations” ; 
that is, monkeys whose spinal cords have been severed, for weeks in 
a slightly modified chair. 
For additional examples, Senator Neuberger very kindly included 
in the record the Animal Welfare Institute Information Report, which 
I would otherwise have asked to have included. 
It needs to be emphasized that a very substantial proportion of the 
actions being taken in a majority of animal laboratories would con- 
stitute prosecutable cruelty were they done by a private citizen outside 
the laboratory. Laboratories are specifically exempted in a number 
of States from the provisions of the anticruelty laws which apply to 
all other citizens. Even where there is no specific exemption, the 
ordinary anticruelty laws are not equipped to deal with this vast field 
any more than they were equipped to deal with slaughterhouse cruelty, 
to prevent which Congress so wisely intervened. Federal legislation 
is even more needed for laboratories than it was for slaughterhouses. 
To take a few homespun examples, if a man took his cat and gave 
it electric shocks so strong that it stiffened out as if poisoned with 
strychnine, then when it had recovered from that he slapped it, 
shook it, held it by one leg — 
carried this kind of treatment of the extreme and prolonged (it) over many 
minutes — 
until the unfortunate cat — and I am quoting from a scientific paper — 
presented the following picture — 
explosive autonomic discharge was seen, including panting, piloerection, defeca- 
tion, urination, batting and clawing all at once. 
