38 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
“ feeding experiments, the animal being allowed to satisfy hunger and thirst," 
or any operative procedure not more severe than simple inoculation or 
superficial venesection (condition No. 4 of licence). As such procedures 
are common to a wide range of investigations the object may be stated in 
broad terms. If an anaesthetic is administered for any purpose whatsoever 
(e.g. to immobilize the animal, even though the operative procedure is 
within the limitation condition) then the experiment cannot properly be 
carried out under Certificate A. 
Under “ animals to be used,” it is seldom necessary to designate 
particular species. Unless it is intended to use dogs or cats (which require 
Certificate E in addition), or horses, asses or mules (Certificate F), these 
species must be excluded on the certificate : in this case “ vertebrates 
except dogs, cats, horses, asses and mules ” is generally acceptable. 
(3) Certificate B 
Certificate B deals with experiments under anaesthesia from which 
the animal is to be allowed to recover. It is appropriate to minor proce- 
dures which are carried out under anaesthesia, such as intracerebral 
inoculation, biopsy and the like ; but its main purpose is to cover surgical 
operations of a more or less severe nature. These must be accurately 
indicated under “ description of experiments to be performed ” and it is 
important that the words shall not bear a meaning wider than that 
intended (e.g. where only biopsy is intended this should be stated). The 
species or class of animal must be named ; dogs and cats require in 
addition Certificate EE, and horses, asses and mules Certificate F, but 
if these animals are not to be used they must be excluded. When describ- 
ing the object, the specificity should be proportional to the severity of 
the experiment. 
(4) Certificate C 
This covers experiments not for the purpose stated in (iii) above 
(p. 6), but to illustrate “ lectures in medical schools, hospitals or colleges, 
or elsewhere.” (Section 3, proviso (1) ). The conditions as to anaes- 
thesia are the same as under licence alone, and no experiment or demon- 
stration done under Certificate C may be carried out on the conscious 
animal. Delegation is not permitted (see p. 7). A description of 
experiments in very broad terms suffices — e.g. “ experiments to demonstrate 
the fundamental facts of physiology and pharmacology." 
Certificate C also applies to experiments carried out before learned 
societies. It is necessary to state on the Certificate the place where the 
experiments are to be performed. In the case of demonstrations before 
learned societies, this may well differ from the place of work of the licensee 
(at which his licence is available) and to save having to obtain a fresh 
Certificate C whenever such an occasion arises, the following wording 
(in italics) may appear on the Certificate : — 
(a) Places at which the experiments are to be performed. 
“ (i) (State here the place at which teaching experiments are normally 
carried out ; the licence must also be available there.) 
“ (ii) Meetings of learned societies held in premises registered under 
the above Act." 
(b) Description and object of experiments to be performed. 
“ Demonstrations : 
12 
