24 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
Before I make my contribution — and I hope it is a contribution — to 
the discussion of this bill, I must pay tribute to Christine Stevens 
who first introduced my husband to the need for legislation in this 
whole field and aroused my interest in it, too. 
I must say when I was contacted about sponsorship on this bill, I 
was a little bit hesitant until I looked into the material. When I found 
that a bill on which this is modeled has been in effect, or legislation 
on which this is modeled has been in effect in Great Britain for 80 
years, I thought what better laboratory do we have than to look to 
their experience with this sort of legislation. On reading it, I was 
very proud to add my name as a sponsor. 
I was unfortunate enough to have to be in the hospital right after 
the end of Congress last fall. It was our teaching hospital in connec- 
tion with the University of Oregon Medical School, where a great deal 
of research is done using animals. Various members of the animal 
laboratory, the Primate Center, the faculty of these organizations, 
would come into my hospital room to talk to me about both the 
Moulder bill and the bill of which I am the sponsor. 
One of them said to me, “Well, you know, Senator, that no good 
research can be carried on on an animal that is not well treated. The 
result of our findings would be unproductive.” 
I said, “Well, then, you surely would not mind legislation which 
just guarantees that treatment.” 
Although they had sort of come to scoff, I found that when you 
really discussed it with them they were very receptive to my approach 
to this whole problem. 
I am a sponsor in the Senate of legislation similar to that now before 
you which is aimed at providing for humane treatment of animals 
used in experiments and tests by individuals and groups who receive 
grants-in-aid from agencies of the Federal Government for scientific 
research, testing, and experimentation. It is a sad commentary on the 
state of our civilization that we in Congress have found it necessary to 
legislate in this field. From childhood, we are taught kindness to ani- 
mals. It would seem that this training would make it unnecessary 
for Government to establish standards to prevent inhumane treatment 
of animals used in experiments as the result of negligence, laxity, or 
other causes. 
It is generally recognized that those who use animals for experi- 
mental purposes do so because they expect to achieve results which will 
be of benefit to mankind. Perhaps we become too concerned about 
ends, rather than means. There is really no reason why the animals 
used for scientific purposes need be handled in a callous manner, 
nor why they cannot be insulated against painful procedures. 
The measure which I am sponsoring in the Senate with Senator 
Joseph B. Clark of Pennsylvania is based on principles which have 
been used in Great Britain for more than 80 years. The British Cruel- 
ty to Animals Act grew out of a petition to Parliament sponsored by 
leading scientists of the day, including Charles Darwin and Thomas 
Huxley. An act was subsequently adopted in 1876 establishing the 
rights of laboratory animals. The British legislation provided for 
licensing of individuals who use animals for experimental purposes, 
inspection c>f recordkeeping by the Government, and minimum stand- 
