4 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
(d) “Substitution” shall mean the use in any research project, test, demonstra- 
tion, or production procedure of a less highly developed species of animal for 
species more highly developed, the development to be evaluated on the basis of 
the brain and nervous system of the species, in terms of its elaboration and 
sensitivity to pain ; 
(e) “Reduction” shall mean the use of a reduced number of animals, by means 
of the application of statistical techniques, use of insentient material or models, 
or any other method ; 
( f ) “Person” shall mean an individual person ; 
(g) “Laboratory” shall mean any school, institution, organization, group, 
corporation, partnership, or person that uses or intends to use animals in research, 
tests, experiments, teaching, or the production of materials. 
Sec. 3. There is hereby established in the executive branch of the United 
States Government an Agency for Laboratory Animal Control, hereinafter 
sometimes called the Agency. The Agency shall be headed by a Commissioner of 
Laboratory Animal Control, who shall be appointed by the President of the 
United States, with the approval of the Senate, for a period of five years or until 
such time as the Commissioner shall resign or be incapable of fulfilling his duties, 
in which event the President shall appoint a new Commissioner for a period of 
five years. To be eligible for appointment as Commissioner, a candidate must 
have been admitted to practice law in the Supreme Court of the United States. 
No person who is or has ever been connected with any laboratory shall be 
eligible for appointment as Commissioner. The Commissioner shall receive 
the same remuneration and allowances as a judge of the United States circuit 
court of appeals and shall not be removable during his term of office save on 
such grounds as would constitute grounds for impeachment or removal of such 
a judge. A Commissioner may be reappointed, with the consent of the Senate. 
Sec. 4. From and after January 1, 1962, no agency or instrumentality of the 
United States shall use any animal for research, experiments, tests, training 
in scientific or technical px-ocedures, or production of materials unless the 
agency or instrumentality has been granted a certificate of compliance with this 
Act, issued by the Commissioner for Laboratory Animal Control. 
Sec. 5. From and after January 1, 1962, no agency or instrumentality of the 
United States shall make any purchase from any laboratory unless the laboratory 
holds a certificate of compliance with this Act, issued by the Commissioner for 
Laboratory Animal Control. 
Sec. 6. From and after January 1, 1962, no grant of money for research, 
experimentation, testing, or training in scientific pi’ocedures or techniques, or 
the production of medical or pharmaceutical material, and no advance or 
payment under any such grant, shall be made by or through any agency 
or instrumentality of the United States, or by or through any person or agency 
pursuant to contract or authorization of the United States Government, to 
any laboratory or person using animals in research, experiments, tests, or train- 
ing in scientific procedures and techniques, unless the laboratory or person 
applying for or receiving the grant has a certificate of compliance with this Act, 
issued by the Commissioner for Laboratory Animal Control. 
Sec. 7. The Commissioner shall issue no certificate of compliance until he has 
received proof, satisfactory to him, that — 
(a) that applicant laboratory’s personnel and facilities ai-e adequate to 
enable it to comply with the requirements of this Act and the policy of the 
United States, and 
(b) projects planned by the applicant laboratory will be conducted in 
accordance with the policy of the United States and with the requirements 
of this Act. 
Sec. 8. No certificate of compliance shall be issued by the Commissioner 
unless the laboratory applying for such certificate shall have agreed, in writing, 
that authorized representatives of the Commissioner and law enforcement 
officers of the State in which the laboi-atory operates shall be given access at 
any time to the animals, premises, and records of the laboratoi-y, for the pur- 
pose of obtaining information relevant to the administration and enforcement 
of this Act and of State laws. 
Sec. 9. No use of animals shall be undertaken by any holder of a certificate 
of compliance with this Act until a project plan has been filed with the Agency 
of Laboratory Animal Control in such form as the Commissioner shall prescribe, 
describing the nature and purposes of the project and the procedures to be 
employed with respect to living animals, and the project plan has been approved 
